基于稻瘟病菌小种变化的吉林省主要粳稻品种抗性评价及利用价值分析  

Evaluation of Resistance and Analysis of Utilization Value of the Major Japonica Rice Varieties in Jilin Province Based on the Physiological Race Variation of Magnaporthe oryzae

作　　者：李莉[1] 孙玲 张金花[1] 邹晓威[1] 孙辉[1] 任金平[1] 姜兆远[1] 刘晓梅[1] LI li;SUN ling;ZHANG JinHua;ZOU XiaoWei;SUN Hui;REN JinPing;JIANG ZhaoYuan;LIU XiaoMei(Institute of Plant Protection,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Gongzhuling 136100,Jilin)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所/吉林省农业微生物重点实验室/农业农村部东北作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第22期4441-4452,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划重点项目(20210202111NC);国家农作物品种试验(抗性鉴定);吉林省农业农村厅-吉林省主要农作物品种审定实验检测、鉴定。

摘　　要：【目的】稻瘟病严重威胁吉林省水稻的安全生产,选育和利用抗瘟品种是防控稻瘟病最经济、安全的措施。在明晰稻瘟病菌(Magnaportheoryzae)生理小种类型、分布与致病力的基础上,进行吉林省主要粳稻品种的抗瘟性评价和品种组合利用价值分析,为品种合理布局和高效利用抗病品种提供理论依据。【方法】2021年秋季在吉林省主要稻区采集分离的115份稻瘟病菌菌株中筛选出62个优势单孢菌株,利用7个中国稻瘟病菌生理小种鉴别寄主品种(Chinese differential variety,CDV)对其进行稻瘟病菌生理小种构成和致病力分析;对吉林省主要粳稻品种进行苗期单菌株和田间异地自然诱发抗瘟性鉴定评价;苗期与田间鉴定结果相结合,运用联合抗病性系数(resistance association coefficient,RAC)和联合毒力系数(virulence association coefficient,VAC)分析品种组合的抗病效果。【结果】通过CDV抗性表型可将62个稻瘟病菌菌株划分为7群22个生理小种,优势种群为ZG和ZA,出现频率分别为35.48%和32.26%;优势生理小种依次是ZG1、ZA1和ZA17,出现频率为35.48%、9.68%和8.06%;致病率在40%以上的中等致病力小种为ZA49、ZA1、ZB15、ZB23和ZC15。吉林省主要粳稻品种的苗期单菌株接种鉴定结果表明,抗性频率在80%以上的品种占比为48.89%;田间异地自然诱发抗瘟性鉴定评价结果表明,表现为中抗(MR)以上的品种有14个,占鉴定品种总数的15.56%;中感(MS)品种27个,占比为30%;感病(S)品种35个,占比为38.88%;高感(HS)品种14个,占比为15.56%。通过品种组合联合抗性分析,RAC值高且VAC值低的品种组合具有较好的应用前景。【结论】吉林省62个稻瘟病菌的生理小种结构复杂、多样,不同稻区优势生理小种不同。吉林省主要粳稻品种的抗性较好、抗谱较宽,部分品种间组合具有较高的应用价值。【Objective】Rice blast poses a serious threat to the safe production of rice in Jilin Province,China.Breeding and utilizing resistant varieties are the most economical,safe,and effective measures to control rice blast.On the basis of clarifying the physiological race forms,distribution,and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae,the resistance evaluation to rice blast and variety combination utilization value analysis for major japonica rice varieties in Jilin Province were carried out.It will provide a theoretical basis for rational variety deployment and the efficient utilization of resistant varieties.【Method】In the autumn of 2021,62 dominant single spore strains were selected from 115 strains of M.oryzae collected and isolated from the main rice-growing areas of Jilin Province.These strains were then subjected to physiological race identification and pathogenicity analysis using seven Chinese differential varieties(CDVs).To assess the resistance of primary japonica rice varieties in Jilin Province,single pathogen inoculation at the seedling stage and field-induced resistance evaluation at various locations were carried out.Utilizing the results acquired from both the seedling stage and field identification,the resistance association coefficient(RAC)and virulence association coefficient(VAC)were used to analyze the disease resistance effect of various combinations of varieties.【Result】According to the resistance phenotype of different varieties(CDVs),62 M.oryzae strains could be divided into 7 groups and 22 physiological races.The dominant physiological groups were ZG and ZA,with frequencies of 35.48%and 32.26%,respectively.The dominant physiological races were ZG1,ZA1,and ZA17,with frequencies of 35.48%,9.68%,and 8.06%,respectively.The moderately virulent races with a pathogenicity rate of over 40%were ZA49,ZA1,ZB15,ZB23,and ZC15.The results of single-strain inoculation at the seedling stage of the main japonica rice varieties in Jilin Province showed that 48.89%of the tested rice varieties had a seedl

关 键 词：稻瘟病 水稻品种 抗性评价 稻瘟病菌 生理小种 

分 类 号：S435.111.41[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]