农业温室气体排放统计核算体系的规范化建设  

Standardized Establishment and Improvement of Accounting System of Agriculture Greenhouse Gas Emission

作　　者：张卫建[1,2] 尚子吟[1,2] 张俊 严圣吉[1] 邓艾兴[1] 张鑫 郑成岩[1] 宋振伟[1,2] ZHANG WeiJian;SHANG ZiYin;ZHANG Jun;YAN ShengJi;DENG AiXing;ZHANG Xin;ZHENG ChengYan;SONG ZhenWei(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Center of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院碳达峰碳中和研究中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第22期4467-4477,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22);中国科学院学部咨询评议重点项目(2021-SM01-B-008)。

摘　　要：农业是人类的衣食之源,也是人为温室气体(Greenhouse Gas,GHG)排放(尤其是甲烷(CH_(4))和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O))及其减排的重要部门。开展科学规范的GHG统计核算,不仅是农业碳排放清单编制、碳减排交易核验、碳减排补贴以及低碳农产品认证等工作的基础,也是农业减排固碳政策制定和技术选用及行动方案落实的决策依据。为此,在系统梳理国内外农业GHG统计核算相关规范和方法及标准的基础上,本文针对现有统计制度体系不健全、计量方法不完善和核算结果不确定等问题,就农业GHG统计核算体系建设提出以下建议。首先,健全和完善统计核算制度体系,明确责任主体。在我国现有的农业统计和面源污染监测报告等体系基础上,加强统计监测(Monitoring,M)、报告(Reporting,R)和核验(Verifying,V)的MRV体系建设,优化调整现有政策与机构安排,明晰农业GHG统计核算和减排固碳行动的责任主体。其次,补充和完善统计核算标准和方法。结合国际最新的标准和方法以及我国农业生产实际与发展规划,对我国农业领域相关标准和方法进行补充与完善。比如补充生物炭施用、生态农场、高标准农田建设和秸秆综合利用等农业综合固碳和光伏农场能源替代,以及石灰和尿素施用、反刍动物饲养和农区淡水养殖等GHG排放的统计核算标准与方法;修订间接排放的统计核算标准与方法,并针对农业减排固碳开发新的CCER(Chinese Certified Emission Reduction)方法学。第三,加强数据库更新与升级。通过科技创新和数据积累,并结合田间监测和模型估测等,对现有基础数据、活动数据和排放因子数据等进行更新升级。另外,还需开发统计核算标准与方法配套的应用软件,开展科普宣传和技术培训与应用示范。本文可以为农业温室气体排放清单编制指南的修订提供参考,为农业碳减排交易的核验和低碳农产品认�Agriculture is not only the dominant source of human food and clothing,but also the potential sector of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and mitigation,especially methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O).To standardize GHG accounting is an urgent need for agricultural carbon emission inventory compilation,carbon trading of emission reduction verification,carbon reduction subsidy and low-carbon agricultural product certification,as well as the basis for the policy making and technology selection of agricultural carbon reduction and sequestration,which is of great significance for the green-low-carbon and high-quality development of agriculture.Based on a systematic review of the relevant global specifications,guidelines,methodologies and standards of agricultural GHG accounting,this paper aimed to address the problems of imperfect monitoring and reporting systems,unsystematic accounting and calculating methods,and uncertain accounting results,by providing the following four suggestions for the establishment and improvement of agricultural GHG accounting systems.Firstly,we should further establish and improve the institutional system of the accounting system,to better clarify the subject of the main responsibility.On the existing basis of China's agricultural statistics and non-point source pollution monitoring and reporting systems,we should strengthen the construction of agricultural GHG emission monitoring(M),reporting(R)and verifying(V)system(i.e.MRV system),and supplement and improve the policy making and institutional setting,so as to clarify the main responsibilities of agricultural GHG statistical accounting and carbon reduction and sequestration.Secondly,we should further supplement and improve the accounting standards and methodologies.According to the newly issued international standards and methodologies,and the actual situation of China’s agricultural production and future development,we need to revise the agricultural components of China's Guidelines of Provincial GHG Emission Inven

关 键 词：粮食安全 气候变化 绿色低碳发展 碳排放清单 碳减排交易 MRV方法体系 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]