东北黑土区保护性耕作生态补偿机制优化路径  

Optimization Path of the Ecological Compensation Mechanism for Conservation Tillage in the Northeast Black Soil Region

作　　者：周颖[1] 杨鹏[2] 王立刚[1] 雷秋良[1] 张雅南 ZHOU Ying;YANG Peng;WANG LiGang;LEI QiuLiang;ZHANG YaNan(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081;Beidahuang Group Heilongjiang Yanjiagang Farm Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150078)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院,北京100081 [3]北大荒集团黑龙江闫家岗农场有限公司,哈尔滨150078

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第22期4478-4489,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202202);中国农业科学院农业农村中长期科技发展战略研究项目(Y2023ZK16);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41871358)。

摘　　要：新时期,筑牢国家粮食安全的“压舱石”,巩固提升东北地区粮食综合生产能力,应以黑土区耕地质量保护为首要任务。保护性耕作技术作为黑土地质量保护与提升的关键技术,其规模化应用在政策和主体层面存在现实约束。科学认识东北黑土区保护性耕作生态补偿政策存在的问题,以问题为导向,探索保护性耕作技术补偿政策优化路径,为补齐制度短板、实现精准施策提供科学依据。综合运用文献分析、规范分析及归纳演绎法结合实地调研,全面总结东北黑土区玉米秸秆还田技术补贴标准,定性分析补贴政策面临的现实约束,理清目前保护性耕作支持政策的主要障碍因素:一是补偿政策指向性不明确;二是补偿标准定价依据不科学;三是补偿管理机制不健全。针对黑土区保护性耕作生态补偿面临的现实困境,提出政策机制优化路径:一是强化赋权和组织化激活保护性耕作的主体性路径,从完善赋权定位和培育新型经营主体两个层面建立配套政策;二是构建环境-经济属性协同定量的补偿标准评估方法,以技术产生的外部效应和主观效用作为补偿标准定价的理论依据,建立由替代市场技术、假想市场技术及计量经济学统计分析等多方法融合的评估方法体系;三是创设高质量数字化管理及差异化的生态补偿制度,构建开放、共享的大数据管理平台,打造多主体协同互利的市场生态图景,建立保护性耕作多主体协同差异化生态补偿机制。适应保护性耕作技术创新与组织方式变革的新要求,建立科学的保护性耕作农业绿色技术应用评价体系;优化垂直管理纵向补偿机制,引导企业与社会资本参与市场调节,构筑黑土区耕地质量保护与提升的生态管理制度屏障,为生态补偿政策优化提供参考借鉴。In the new period,the protection of cultivated land quality in the black soil region should be the primary task to strengthen the“ballast stone”of national grain security,and to consolidate and to improve the comprehensive grain production capacity in Northeast China.Conservation tillage,while being a key technology for protecting and improving the quality of black soil,has practical constraints on its large-scale application at the policy and subject levels.The aim of this study was to understand scientifically the shortcomings of ecological compensation policies for conservation tillage in the black soil areas of Northeast China and to explore the optimization paths for the compensation policies for conservation tillage technology with a problem-oriented approach,which could provide a scientific basis for making up for the shortcomings of the system and achieving precise policy implementation.The subsidy standard of corn straw returning technology in northeast black soil region was summarized,the practical constraints of subsidy policy were qualitatively analyzed,and the main obstacle factors of current conservation tillage support policy were clarified by comprehensively utilizing literature analysis,normative analysis,and inductive deduction methods combined with field research.Three core issues were included the unclear direction of compensation policy,the unscientific basis for standard compensation pricing,and the incomplete management mechanism and institutional system.In response to the practical difficulties that ecological compensation for conservation tillage faces in black soil areas,three paths for optimizing the policy mechanism were proposed:first,the empowerment and systematization were strengthened to activate the subjectivity path of conservation tillage,and the supporting policies were established from two levels:improving empowerment positioning and cultivating new business entities.Second,a collaborative,quantitative,and standardized compensation evaluation method was constructed for env

关 键 词：保护性耕作 生态补偿机制 补偿标准 外部效应 秸秆还田 黑土区 东北 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济] S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]