明治前期日本天皇宗教权威的构建  

The Establishment of Early Meiji Era Emperors'Religious Authority

作　　者：贾思京 刘岳兵[2] Jia Sijing;Liu Yuebing

机构地区：[1]南开大学日本研究院,天津300071 [2]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,天津300071

出　　处：《历史研究》2023年第5期124-142,M0006,共20页Historical Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“多维视角下的日本现代化专题研究”(22JJD770040)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《明治宪法》的颁布将明治时代分为前后两个时期,奠定了近代日本宪政体制基本框架。天皇宗教权威是通过重申“天照大神—天皇”结构,使天皇“神圣”化以及“神圣天皇统治”共识化而形成的,是官方宗教政策与社会尊皇倾向相互“匹配”的结果。明治政府主导的祭政一致、祭教分离体制,明确“天照大神—天皇”传承是天皇统治神话的核心内容。“神圣天皇统治”的政治神话以“国体”形式落实在国民世界观、价值观之中,推动了“神圣”天皇共识化。近代日本存在以“神圣”天皇为中心的宗教文化,并非现代意义上的世俗国家。The enactment of the Meiji Constitution marked the division of the Meiji Era into two periods,and laid the foundations for modern Japan's constitutional system.In order to establish the religious authority of the emperor,"Tenno,"a renewed religious relationship between Amaterasu and Tenno was posited.Through the"joint efforts"of the Meiji government and intellectuals,the status of Tenno as a deity,and his absolute authority was rendered consensual,combining official religious policy with a social tendency to revere Tenno.In the Shinto religious policies introduced by the Meiji government bearing upon Tenno's authority,government and ritual were combined,while Shinto religious practice was separated from"Religion",and the religious relationship between Amaterasu and Tenno established as Tenno's core political myth.This myth,implemented as the concept of"kokutai"within the world view and values of the Japanese people,convinced them of"the fact"that Japan was governed by sacred Tenno.Therefore,it is difficult to conclude that modern Japan is truly a secular state.

关 键 词：天皇 明治 政教关系 “国体” 宗教权威 

分 类 号：D931.3[政治法律—法学] D731.3DD911