城市环境史视角下黄河改道对黄泛旧县的影响——以河南旧县考城为研究对象  

Impacts of the Yellow River Diversion on the Formerly Flooded Counties from the Perspective of Urban Environmental History: A Case Study of Kaocheng County

作　　者：吴朋飞[1] Wu Pengfe

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2023年第6期83-90,127,共9页Journal of Poyang Lake

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“铜瓦厢改道后黄河新泛区对城市造成影响的环境史研究(1855—1938)”(21AZS017)。

摘　　要：探讨被撤并的黄泛旧县的生命史轨迹是城市历史地理与环境史的议题范畴,也是准确把握和深刻理解黄河与城市发展关系的重要路径。河南旧县考城地处明清黄河故道与1855年铜瓦厢决口后黄河新道结合部,其城市发展受黄河决溢泛滥的影响远超他处,历史上曾出现六淹考城而被迫多次迁城。其中,1784—1949年考城县设治于堌阳期间,曾因乾隆兰阳改河和咸丰铜瓦厢改道的影响而出现黄河与县治位置的变动,导致其县辖境、城址迁徙、行政区划改隶、河防管理以及城市防洪等连锁反应,其中铜瓦厢改道后的黄河新河道起着重塑作用。对考城城市环境史案例的考察,可揭示黄河变迁与下游冲积平原城市发展的普遍性规律。Explorations of the life history of the counties that were merged due to the Yellow River flooding are within the scope of urban historical geography and environmental history, providing an important perspective to deeply understand the relationship between the Yellow River and urban development. Kaocheng County, located at the junction of the old Yellow River channel during the Ming and Qing dynasties and the new Yellow River channel after the Yellow River burst its banks at Tongwaxiang in 1855, had experienced far more damages from the Yellow River flooding than other counties. In history, it was struck by flooding six times and had to relocate. Kaocheng County, with its administration centre set in Guyang from 1784 to 1949, witnessed changes of the Yellow River channel and the administration range due to the Lanyang River diversion during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and the Tongwaxiang River diversion during the reign of Emperor Xianfeng. These changes resulted in a chain reaction of the county’ jurisdiction, urban area relocation, administrative division transformation, river defense management, and urban flood control, etc. In the process, the new Yellow River channel after the Tongwaxiang’s diversion played a reshaping role. The in-depth case study on the urban environmental history of Kaocheng reveals the universal laws of the changes of the Yellow River and the development of formerly flooded cities in the Lower Yellow River Plain.

关 键 词：黄河改道 考城县 护城西堤 黄泛旧县 

分 类 号：TV882.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]