高压固相拓扑聚合合成纳米碳材料  

Synthesis of Nano-Carbon Materials by High Pressure Solid-State Topochemical Polymerization

作　　者：费云帆 李阔 郑海燕 FEI Yunfan;LI Kuo;ZHENG Haiyan(Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]北京高压科学研究中心,北京100193

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2023年第6期1-31,共31页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22022101,21875006,21771011);国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0708502)。

摘　　要：碳原子多样的杂化方式使得碳材料具有复杂的结构和性能。寻找并开发具有新结构的碳材料,实现碳材料的精准可控合成是碳材料研究的重要方向。高压(高于1 GPa)可以有效地压缩分子间距,促进不饱和分子发生聚合,为“自下而上”合成碳材料提供了新的策略与机遇。高压下的化学反应多为固相反应,反应分子受到晶格的约束,表现出拓扑化学反应的特点。这意味着可以通过控制反应物的晶体结构调控反应路线,进而合成具有特定结构和功能的碳材料。本文报道了利用高压固相拓扑聚合方法合成聚烯烃、聚炔化合物、金刚石基纳米线、碳纳米带、石墨烷以及高电荷离子型聚合物等多种碳材料的研究进展,并简要介绍高压下化学反应的特点与机制。The various hybridization states of carbon atoms endow carbon materials with complex structures and properties.Finding and developing carbon materials with new structures and realizing accurate and controllable synthesis of carbon materials are important directions in the carbon materials research area.High pressure(above 1 GPa)can effectively reduce the intermolecular distances and promote the polymerizations of unsaturated molecules,which provides a new strategy and opportunity for“bottom-up”synthesis of carbon materials.The chemical reaction under high pressure is generally the solid phase reaction and the reaction molecules are constrained by the lattice,which shows the characteristics of topochemical reaction.This means that we can adjust the reaction routes by controlling the crystal structures of reactants to synthesize carbon materials with specific structures and functions.In this review,we report the progress in the synthesis of carbon materials by high pressure solid-state topochemical polymerization,such as polyolefin,acetylenic polymer,diamond-based carbon nanothreads,carbon nanoribbons,graphane and high-charge ionic polymers,and briefly introduce the characteristics and mechanism of chemical reaction under high pressure.

关 键 词：高压化学 纳米碳材料 压力诱导聚合 固相拓扑聚合 氢转移 

分 类 号：O521.2[理学—高压高温物理]