某露天矿山预裂爆破参数优选与试验研究  

Optimization and Experimental Study of Pre-Splitting BlastingParameters in a Certain Open-Pit Mine

作　　者：陈啸林 张智宇[1] 王凯 孟佳乐 彭磊 吴霄 CHEN Xiaolin;ZHANG Zhiyu;WANG Kai;MENG Jiale;PENG Lei;WU Xiao(Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China;Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China;Zhejiang Tunnel Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学公共安全与应急管理学院,云南昆明650093 [3]浙江省隧道工程集团有限公司,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2023年第6期178-191,共14页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52064025);云南省重大科技项目(202202AG050014)。

摘　　要：为了得到确保露天矿山边坡安全稳定的最佳预裂爆破参数组合,采用数值模拟结合相似模型试验的方法,探讨了岩石双孔爆破下裂纹扩展规律,并进行了现场预裂爆破试验。结果表明:裂纹先由炮孔壁产生,且炮孔附近的原岩破坏程度较大;随着不耦合系数由1.33增大至3.00,孔壁所承受的冲击压力显著减小,粉碎区半径逐渐减小。采用极差分析法,研究了不同因素对试验指标的影响程度,根据评价指标确定试验因素的最优组合。模型试验结果表明:孔距与孔径之比为9、不耦合系数为3.00、起爆延期时间为12 ms、最大单响药量为5.4 g(三孔一响)的组合条件下,模型试件预裂成缝效果最佳。根据数值模拟及相似模型试验结果,结合理论计算,选取孔距为0.8 m(孔距与孔径之比约为9)、不耦合系数为3.00、延期时间为12 ms、最大单响药量为11.25 kg(三孔一响)的预裂爆破参数进行现场试验,取得了良好的预裂效果。研究结果可以为露天矿山现场预裂爆破参数的设计提供参考,对于实现精确控制爆破、确保露天矿山边坡安全稳定具有重要意义。In order to obtain the optimal combination of pre-splitting blasting parameters to ensure the safety and stability of open-pit mine slope,the law of crack propagation under rock double-hole blasting was discussed by numerical simulation combined with similar model experiment,and the field pre-splitting blasting experiment was carried out.The results show that the cracks are first generated by the blasthole wall and the original rock near the blasthole is more damaged.As the decoupling coefficient increases from 1.33 to 3.00,the impact pressure on the hole wall decreases significantly,and the radius of the crushing zone decreases gradually.The range analysis method was used to study the influence of different factors on the experiment index,and the optimal combination of experiment factors was determined according to the evaluation index.The results of the model experiment indicate that the pre-splitting effect of the model specimen is the best under the combined conditions of the hole spacing-to-aperture ratio of 9,the decoupling coefficient of 3.00,the initiation delay time of 12 ms,and the maximum charge weight per delayed interval of 5.4 g(three holes and one shot).According to the results of numerical simulation and similar model experiment,combined with theoretical calculation,the pre-splitting blasting parameters with hole spacing of 0.8 m(the spacing-to-aperture ratio of about 9),decoupling coefficient of 3.00,delay time of 12 ms and maximum charge weight per delayed interval of 11.25 kg(three holes and one shot)were selected for field experiment,and good pre-splitting effect was achieved.The research results can provide reference for the design of pre-splitting blasting parameters in open-pit mines,and it is of great significance to realize accurate control blasting and ensure the safety and stability of open-pit mine slopes.

关 键 词：预裂爆破 数值模拟 裂纹扩展 相似模型试验 正交试验 

分 类 号：O346[理学—固体力学]