适用于大断面马头门掘进的超前致裂分区爆破技术  

Advance Crack Zone Blasting Technology Suitable for Large Section Horsehead Gate Excavation

作　　者：汪禹[1,2] 崔正荣 王小兵[1,3] 李龙福 詹思博[1,3] 章结传 WANG Yu;CUI Zheng-rong;WANG Xiao-bing;LI Long-fu;ZHAN Si-bo;ZHANG Jie-chuan(State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Maanshan 243000,China;Maanshan Institute of Mining Research Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Manshan 243000,China;Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China)

机构地区：[1]金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,马鞍山243000 [2]马鞍山矿山研究院爆破工程有限责任公司,马鞍山243000 [3]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司,马鞍山243000

出　　处：《爆破》2023年第4期89-95,217,共8页Blasting

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题-深部厚大矿体大参数高效连续开采技术(*2022YFC2904101)。

摘　　要：为确保大断面立井马头门施工质量,并降低爆破对立井马头门产生的损伤与破坏,提出了一种立井大断面马头门掘进的超前致裂分区爆破技术。根据某地下矿山立井马头门设计断面及工程地质条件,将-199.5 m、-258.2 m等马头门掘进断面划分为上分层、中分层、下分层等,施工顺序为:上分层→中分层→下分层。首先沿各分层开挖轮廓线施工超前致裂孔,其孔深为马头门掘进深度,超前致裂孔采用间隔装药,并先于主爆区起爆,实现孔间相互贯通。其次,沿各立井马头门开挖轮廓线形成“减震沟”,降低爆破地震波的传播。马头门各施工区域设置逐孔微差起爆,间隔时间为5~20 ms,实现分段爆破振动的干扰、抵消,降低爆破对大断面马头门的影响。各马头门开挖轮廓线半壁孔率达95%以上,既能满足大断面马头门破碎岩体掘进中对控制顶板成型质量的要求,又降低了支护、喷浆等成本支出,实现错峰降振。大断面马头门掘进的超前致裂分区爆破技术可为类似立井马头门施工作业提供一定指导建议。In order to ensure the construction quality of large section shaft horsehead gate and reduce the damage caused by blasting,an advance crack zone blasting technology is put forward.According to the section design and engineering geological conditions,the section of Matoumen excavation,the gates at-199.5 m and-258.2 m of a certain underground mine are divided into upper layer,middle layer,and lower layer excavation zones.The construction sequence is:upper layer→middle layer→lower layer.Firstly,the advanced fracturing holes should be constructed along the excavation contour lines of each layer.The hole depth is equal to the driving depth of the horsehead gate.They are charged with decks and detonated before the main blasting area,which can achieve mutual penetration between holes.The"shock absorption ditch"shall be formed along the excavation contour lines of the horsehead gate,which can reduce the effect of blasting seismic wave propagation.Besides,each construction area of the horsehead gate is equipped with hole by hole millisecond delay detonations with an interval of 5~20 ms,which can achieve the interference and offset of the vibrations from the subsequent blasting and reduce the blasting impact on the large cross-section horsehead gate.It has been validated that the half-wall hole rate of the excavation contour line is higher than 95%.It can not only meet the requirements of controlling the quality of roof forming for the excavation of large cross-section gate in broken rock mass,but also reduce the cost of support and shotcrete.

关 键 词：马头门 分区施工 超前致裂孔 数码电子雷管 爆破振动 微差间隔 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]