基于HHT频谱分析逐孔起爆微差时间试验研究  

Experimental Study on Delay Time of Hole-by-hole Initiation based on HHT Spectrum Analysis

作　　者：褚夫蛟 王作鹏 李铭涵 高智 丁明海 殷树海 CHU Fu-jiao;WANG Zuo-peng;LI Ming-han;GAO Zhi;DING Ming-hai;YIN Shu-hai(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;Shandong Dongping Hongda Mining Co.,Ltd.,Taian 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,淄博255000 [2]山东东平宏达矿业有限公司,泰安271000

出　　处：《爆破》2023年第4期103-109,共7页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51904177)。

摘　　要：为解决某矿山矿体回采时爆破振动过大影响地表村庄建(构)筑物安全的问题,通过结合现场实际情况与经验公式计算,选取8、10、12、14和18 ms的孔间微差时间和100 ms的排间微差时间作为在该矿Ⅲ矿体63113矿房试验的爆破参数,根据村庄多为1~2层砖混结构建筑计算得到其自振频率7.63~13.23 Hz。现场采集爆破振动数据并利用Matlab对测得的爆破振动信号做HHT变换并从时域、频域和能量的角度分析信号的特点。使用具有高度自适应性的EMD分解将原始振动信号分解为IMF分量,再对IMF分量做10层db8小波变换并总结level 9的频带7.8~15.7 Hz具有的能量在总能量中的占比规律,对用IMF分量重构后的信号做Hilbert变换得到三维希尔伯特谱及边际谱。通过对爆破振动信号做EMD分解和小波变换研究得出,12 ms的微差时间设计在3号测点的三向能量占比分别减小了14.07%、24.89%和6.26%,试验表明通过改进孔间微差时间可以改善低频能量在总能量中占比较多的问题,能有效避免共振效应。对比不同孔间微差时间的Hilbert边际谱和三维希尔伯特谱从频域和能量角度分析得出,孔间微差时间为12 ms的爆破的主振频率和最大瞬时能量出现在起爆后200 ms,集中在大于建筑固有自振频带的30~40 Hz间,对建(构)筑物产生的影响最小。试验通过HHT频谱分析为选择合理的逐孔微差起爆时间提供了有效的判断依据,为更多类似的研究提供了思路与方向。In order to solve the problem that excessive blasting vibration affects the safety of village buildings(structures)on the earth′s surface during the mining process of an underground orebody,the inter-hole delays of 8 ms,10 ms,12 ms,14ms and 18ms and inter-row delay of 100 ms were selected for tests in the#63113 ore room of the orebody III in the mine.By combining the actual situation of the site and the empirical formula,the natural vibration frequency of the brick-concrete buildings with 1 to 2 floors in the village was 7.63~13.23 Hz.The blasting vibration data was collected on site and HHT transformation was applied on the measured blasting vibration signals by MATLAB.The characteristics of the signals were then analyzed from the perspectives of time domain,frequency domain and energy.The highly adaptive EMD decomposition was used to decompose the original vibration signal into the IMF components which were transformed by 10-layer db8 wavelet transform and the proportion of energy in the total energy of the frequency band 7.8~15.7 Hz of level 9 was summarized.The three-dimensional Hilbert spectrum and marginal spectrum were obtained by Hilbert transformation of the reconstructed signal with the IMF components.Through EMD decomposition and wavelet transform research on the blasting vibration signals,it is concluded that the three-direction energy ratio corresponding to the 12 ms delay time at No.3 measuring point is reduced by 14.07%,24.89%and 6.26%,respectively.The experiments show that the problem that the problem that the low frequency energy takes a large proportion in the total energy can be improved by optimizing the inter-hole delay,and the resonance effect can be effectively avoided.By comparing the Hilbert marginal spectrum and the three-dimensional Hilbert spectrum with different delay times,the main vibration frequency and the maximum instantaneous energy of the blasting with an inter-hole delay of 12 ms appear 200 ms after the detonation,concentrated in the range of 30~40 Hz which is higher than th

关 键 词：HHT 微差时间 EMD 小波变换 自振频率 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]