饲料脂肪酸碳链长度对团头鲂生长、肌纤维发育及肉质的影响  

Effects of dietary fatty acids carbon-chain lengths on growth,muscle fiber development and meat quality of Megalobrama amblycephala

作　　者：王曦 肖康 刘文斌[1] 戴永军 郭慧星 汪茫茫 李向飞[1] 张定东[1] 蒋广震[1] WANG Xi;XIAO Kang;LIU Wenbin;DAI Yongjun;GUO Huixing;WANG Mangmang;LI Xiangfei;ZHANG Dingdong;JIANG Guangzhen(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学动物科技学院,江苏省水产营养重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第12期93-108,共16页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32273146);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(21)3161];现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-45-12)。

摘　　要：饲料脂肪不仅影响养殖鱼类的生长与健康状况,还会通过调控肌纤维特性影响肉质。为探究不同碳链长度脂肪酸对团头鲂生长、肌纤维发育及肉质的影响,实验选取108尾初始平均体重为(77.89±0.81)g的健康团头鲂,随机分为4组,每组3重复,分别饲喂基础饲料(对照组)以及替代1.5%豆油的丁酸(BA)、辛酸(OA)、棕榈酸(PA)组饲料8周。结果显示,与对照组相比,饲料添加不同碳链长度脂肪酸对团头鲂生长无显著影响,然而可显著提升肌肉黏附性,增加肌纤维数量、较小直径(<20μm)肌纤维比例及肌节长度。在基因表达方面,OA显著增加了肌源性因子myf5基因mRNA表达量。BA能在下调抑肌基因mstnb的同时,显著上调ampkα2和sirt1基因的mRNA表达量。Ca^(2+)依赖的信号通路的关键基因camk表达量也随饲料中脂肪酸碳链长度的增加而显著提升。研究表明,饲料添加不同碳链长度脂肪酸可以通过AMPK和Ca^(2+)依赖的信号通路实现对团头鲂肌纤维发育及肉质的有效提升。本研究为营养素调控团头鲂鱼肉品质提供了基础数据和理论依据,也为鱼类肌肉品质的营养强化提供了全新模式。Dietary fat is an essential nutrient for fish growth.The appropriate sources and levels of fat in diets can not only meet the normal energy metabolism and physiological needs of culture fish,but also regulate its growth,immune,and reproductive performance.At present,a large number of studies on the utilization of fat sources in diets indicate that the demand for different fat sources in fish is essentially the demand for different types of fatty acids.Fatty acids are diverse and widely distributed in nature,and the absorption and utilization of dietary fatty acids by fish often vary depending on the length of the carbon chain.Previous studies have shown that the effects of fatty acids with different carbon chain lengths on fish are mostly concentrated on growth and development,gut microbiota,and lipid metabolism.However,there is little research on the effects of muscle fiber development and meat quality.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the mechanism of action of different fatty acid lengths on muscle fiber development.Therefore,108 healthy Megalobrama amblycephala with an initial average weight of(77.89±0.81)g were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates each,and were fed with basal diet(control group)and butyric acid(BA),octanoic acid(OA)and palmitic acid(PA)instead of 1.5%soybean oil for 8 weeks.The results showed that the addition of fatty acids with different carbon-chain lengths had no signific-ant effect on growth,nevertheless,it could significantly improve the adhesiveness of muscle,the number of muscle fibers,the proportion of smaller muscle fibers(<20μm)and sarcomere length compared to the control group.In terms of gene expression,OA significantly increased the mRNA expression of the myogenic factor myf5.BA can up-regulate the mRNA expression of ampkα2 and sirt1 significantly,while down-regulating the myo-suppressor gene mstnb.Camk,the key gene of Ca^(2+)-dependent signaling pathway,was also significantly elevated with the increase of the carbon-chain lengths of fatty acids i

关 键 词：团头鲂 脂肪酸 碳链长度 肌纤维发育 肉质 

分 类 号：S963.72[农业科学—水产养殖]