2012—2021年疗养飞行人员暂时飞行不合格疾病谱分析  

Disease spectrum and risk factors of temporarily grounded military aircrews in 2012-2021

作　　者：郑龙龙 滕跃[2] 伍俊 党激育 江涛 叶忠明 孔振 杨倩 王俊凌 ZHENG Longlong;TENG Yue;WU Jun;DANG Jiyu;JIANG Tao;YE Zhongming;KONG Zhen;YANG Qian;WANG Junling(Department of General Surgery,Tangdu Hospital,the Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032;Department of Aviation Health,the Air Force Logistics and Health Bureau,Beijing 100010;Department of Academic Affairs,the Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032;Department of Altitude Physiological Training,Dujiangyan Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Air Force,Chengdu 611830;Department of Ejection Escape Training,Dujiangyan Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Air Force,Chengdu 611830;Department of Internal Medicine,Dujiangyan Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Air Force,Chengdu 611830;Unit 61889 of PLA;Department of Experimental Surgery,Tangdu Hospital,Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032;Department of Quality Management and Infection Control,Dujiangyan Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Air Force,Chengdu 611830,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学唐都医院普通外科,西安710032 [2]空军后勤部卫生局航空卫生处,北京100010 [3]空军军医大学教务处,西安710032 [4]空军都江堰特勤疗养中心高空生理训练科,成都611830 [5]空军都江堰特勤疗养中心弹射救生训练科,成都611830 [6]空军都江堰特勤疗养中心内科,成都611830 [7]解放军61889部队 [8]空军军医大学唐都医院实验外科,西安710032 [9]空军都江堰特勤疗养中心质管感控科,成都611830

出　　处：《空军航空医学》2023年第5期411-415,共5页AVIATION MEDICINE OF AIR FORCE

基　　金：全国教育科学国防军事教育学科规划课题(JYKY-C2023021)。

摘　　要：目的分析军事飞行人员暂时飞行不合格疾病谱并探索其危险因素。方法回顾性分析在空军都江堰特勤疗养中心疗养,医学鉴定结论为“暂时飞行不合格”的344例飞行人员的资料,分析比较不同机种飞行人员的疾病谱。结果导致飞行人员暂时飞行不合格的疾病多以肝功能异常(17.15%)、高血压(9.88%)和颈腰椎疾病(7.85%)为主。运输机、预警机和轰炸机飞行人员高血压的占比较高(χ^(2)=7.41,P=0.025);战斗机飞行员颈腰椎疾病(χ^(2)=15.53,P<0.001)、肾结石(χ^(2)=6.15,P=0.036)的占比较高;直升机飞行人员白细胞减少的发病率较高(χ^(2)=7.15,P=0.017)。年龄≥45岁飞行人员因高血压导致暂时飞行不合格的风险增高(OR=7.958,95%CI:2.867~22.092,P<0.001);空中战技勤人员因高血压导致暂时飞行不合格”的风险有增高趋势(OR=2.328,95%CI:0.908~5.972,P=0.079);相比于运输机、预警机和轰炸机飞行人员(OR=4.965,95%CI:1.385~17.790,P=0.014)和直升机飞行人员(OR=5.126,95%CI:1.342~19.580,P=0.017),战斗机飞行员因颈腰椎疾病导致暂时飞行不合格的风险增高。结论不同机种飞行人员暂时飞行不合格疾病谱存在差异,在疗养体检中需对飞行人员进行个性化的检查评估、康复治疗、体能训练等,并针对性地指导预防颈腰伤等各类疾病的发生发展,加速促进已患疾病的康复过程,降低停飞率,提高飞行人员整体健康水平。Objective To analyze the disease spectrum of temporarily grounded military aircrews and explore the risk factors.Methods The data of 344 military aircrews who were medically identified as disqualified for flight during recuperation in Dujiangyan Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Air Force was retrospectively analyzed.Results In the disease spectrum of temporarily grounded military aircrews,the most common diseases were liver dysfunction(17.15%),hypertension(9.88%)and cervical and lumbar spine related diseases(7.85%).In terms of aircraft types,hypertension was more prevalent among crews for transport aircraft, bombers and early warning aircraft(χ^(2)=7.41, P=0.025), cervical and lumbar spine relateddiseases(χ^(2)=15.53, P<0.001)and renal calculus(χ^(2)=6.15, P=0.036)were more common among fighter pilots, and leukopenia(χ^(2)=7.15, P=0.010)was more prevalent in helicopter crews. Compared with aircrews under 45, the risk of flight suspension dueto hypertension among pilots aged 45 and older was significantly higher(OR=7.958, 95%CI: 2.867~22.092, P<0.001). Comparedwith pilots, air technicians were at higher risk of flight suspension due to hypertension(OR=2.328, 95%CI: 0.908~5.972, P=0.079). Inaddition, compared with crews for transport aircraft, bombers, early warning aircraft and helicopters(OR=4.965, 95%CI: 1.385~17.790,P=0.014)(OR=5.126, 95%CI: 1.342~19.580, P=0.017), the risk of flight suspension due to cervical and lumbar spine related diseaseswas significantly higher for fighter pilots. Conclusion There are significant differences in the disease spectrum of temporarilygrounded military aircrews for different aircraft types. During health checkups, personalized examination and evaluation, treatmentsand physical training should be provided for aircrews of different aircraft types. Meanwhile, targeted guidance should be offered toprevent such diseases as cervical and lumbar spine related diseases. Faster recovery can help reduce the rates of grounding and improvethe overall health of military airc

关 键 词：合格鉴定 疾病谱 颈腰椎疾病 高血压 飞行人员 

分 类 号：R851.3[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]