红壤条件下不同土壤改良剂对土壤氮供应和烟株抗病性的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Soil Nitrogen Supply and Disease Resistance of Tobacco Plants under Red Soil Conditions

作　　者：张鲁民[1,2] 杨焕文[2] 何建忠 龙云生[1] 周磊 吕亚媚 吕凯[2] 徐照丽[3] 欧阳铖人 ZHANG Lu-min;YANG Huan-wen;HE Jian-zhong;LONG Yun-sheng;ZHOU Lei;LYU Ya-mei;LYU Kai;XU Zhao-li;OUYANG Cheng-ren(Technology Center,Honghe Tobacco Company,Yunnan Tobacco Company,Honghe 652399,China;College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650021,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司红河州公司技术中心,云南红河652399 [2]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201 [3]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,云南昆明650021

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2023年第10期80-86,共7页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1901500);云南省烟草公司科技计划项目(20235300000241020);湖南中烟工业有限责任公司项目(KY2020JD0008)。

摘　　要：以烤烟品种K326为试验材料,化肥处理为对照,探究红壤条件下不同土壤改良剂(有机肥和生物炭)对烟株长势、产量、经济效益以及土壤供氮能力的影响。结果表明:(1)生物炭处理和有机肥处理的烟株长势优于化肥处理,其中团棵期生物炭处理的烟株长势优于有机肥处理,旺长期和成熟期表现为有机肥处理优于生物炭处理。(2)与化肥处理相比,有机肥处理与生物炭处理的青枯病发病率分别降低了6.70%、21.13%,黑胫病的发病率分别降低了84.78%、69.57%,花叶病的发病率分别降低了33.33%、16.67%。(3)对烤烟产量、产值以及中上等烟比例等的影响程度排序为:有机肥处理>生物炭处理>化肥处理;与化肥处理相比,有机肥和生物炭处理的产量分别提高了3.85%、2.22%,产值分别提高了4.94%、3.21%,中上等烟比例分别提高了3.75%和2.50%。(4)生物炭处理和有机肥处理的土壤供氮能力优于化肥处理,团棵期时生物炭处理的土壤供氮能力优于有机肥处理,旺长期和成熟期则反之。整体来看,旱地红壤类型下有机肥处理下烤烟的田间表现要优于生物炭处理,更有助于提高烟叶产量和土壤改良效果。In this study,K326 was used as the study material and chemical fertilizer treatment as the control to investigate the effects of different soil amendments(organic fertilizer and biochar)on the growth,yield and economic benefits of tobacco plants and soil nitrogen supply capacity under red soil conditions.The results showed that:(1)The growth of tobacco plants in biochar and organic fertilizer treatments was better than that in chemical fertilizer treatment.The growth of tobacco plants in biochar treatment was better than that in organic fertilizer treatment during the resettling period,but the opposite was true during the vigorous growing period and the mature period.(2)Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment,the incidence of green blight was reduced by 6.70%and 21.13%,the incidence of black shin disease were reduced by 84.78%and 69.57%,and the incidence of leaf blight were reduced by 33.33%and 16.67%in organic fertilizer treatment and biochar treatment,respectively.(3)The order of yields and economic benefits of tobacco,the proportion of medium and top-quality tobacco was organic fertilizer treatment>biochar treatment>chemical fertilizer treatment.Compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment,the yields of the organic and biochar treatments were increased by 3.85%and 2.22%,the production value was increased by 4.94%and 3.21%,and the proportion of medium-grade tobacco increased by 3.75%and 2.50%,respectively.(4)The soil N supply capacity of biochar and organic fertilizer treatments was better than that of chemical fertilizer treatment.The soil N supply capacity of biochar treatment was better than that of organic fertilizer treatment in the resettling period,but the opposite was true during the vigorous growing period and the mature period.In conclusion,the flue-cured tobacco in organic fertilizer treatment under dryland red soil conditions was better than that of biochar treatment,which could help to improve tobacco yield and increase the soil improvement.

关 键 词：烤烟 红壤 生物炭 有机肥 土壤供氮能力 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]