不同土壤调节剂对新增耕地土壤质量以及玉米产量的影响  

Effects of different soil conditioner on soil quality and maize yield on new cultivated land

作　　者：李长江 丛海涛 李青梅 李勇 张国平 陈为峰 LI Chang-jiang;CONG Hai-tao;LI Qing-mei;LI Yong;ZHANG Guo-ping;CHEN Wei-feng(College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai′an Shandong 271018;Shandong Land Development Group Co.,Ltd,Ji′nan 250014;Tai′an Golden Land Surveying and Mapping Co.,Ltd.,Tai′an Shandong 271600)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省土地发展集团有限公司,山东济南250014 [3]泰安金土地测绘整理有限公司,山东泰安271600

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第9期50-58,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山东省土地发展集团科研基金项目(202107-YJYJS-016);山东省重点研发计划项目(2021CXGC010704)。

摘　　要：针对新增耕地重构土壤地力低等关键问题进行池栽模拟试验,以生土为池栽用土,以发酵后的农业废弃物为主料,结合苜蓿粉、聚丙烯酰胺、膨润土以及蛭石通过混合造粒制成9种配方不同配比的土壤调节剂(分别以F1~F9表示),以玉米“郑单958”为试验材料,通过测定不同配方土壤调节剂对重构土壤的土壤容重、田间持水量、饱和含水量、有机质、养分(N、P、K)含量、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性的含量以及玉米光合与产量指标,探究不同配方的土壤调节剂对重构土壤物理、化学、生物方面的改良效果以及对玉米光合与产量的影响,并筛选出最佳土壤调节剂配方。试验设置常规施肥处理(CK1)、商品有机肥处理(CK2)以及施用9种不同配比的土壤调节剂处理(F1~F9)共计11个处理。结果表明:较CK1处理,施用土壤调节剂处理的土壤容重显著降低了4.85%~11.52%,田间持水量显著提升了21.58%~46.43%,有机质显著提升了21.27%~45.33%,脲酶活性显著提升了16.67%~27.24%。F7处理在具备优良的土壤改良作用的同时增产效果最佳,较CK1及CK2处理,产量显著提升了26.11%、21.69%。因此,选择F7处理的配比为最佳土壤调节剂配方。F7土壤调节剂配比为发酵后的农业废弃物为主料搭配8%的苜蓿粉、0.1%的聚丙烯酰胺、7%的膨润土以及8%的蛭石。A simulation experiment of pond planting was carried out for the key problems such as the low soil fertility of the new cultivated land from reconstructing soil.Raw soil was used as the experiment soil for planting,9 kinds of soil conditioners(represented by F1-F9 respectively)were made through mixing and granulation,using fermented agricultural waste as the main material,combined with alfalfa meal,polyacrylamide,bentonite and vermiculite.Using the corn“Zhengdan 958”as the test material.By measuring the soil bulk density,field water holding capacity,saturated water content,organic matter,nutrient content(N,P,K),urease and sucrase activities of the reconstituted soil with different formulations of soil conditioners,as well as maize photosynthesis and yield indicators,the improvement effects of different formulations of soil conditioners on the physical,chemical and biological aspects of reconstituted soil and their effects on maize photosynthesis and yield were explored,and the optimal soil conditioner formulations were screened.A total of 11 treatments were set up in the experiment:conventional fertilization(CK1),commercial organic fertilizer treatment(CK2)and 9 different ratios of soil conditioner treatments(F1-F9).The result showed that,under the application of soil conditioner,compared with the CK1 treatment,soil bulk density was significantly reduced by 4.85%-11.52%,field water holding capacity was significantly increased by 21.58%-46.43%,organic matter was significantly increased by 21.27%-45.33%,and urease activity was significantly increased by 16.67%-27.24%.The F7 treatment had the best soil improvement effect and the highest yield.Compared with the CK1 and CK2 treatments,the yield was significantly increased by 26.11%and 21.69%,respectively.Therefore,the ratio of F7 treatment was selected as the best soil conditioner formula.The ratio of F7 soil conditioner is:fermented agricultural waste as the main material with 8%alfalfa meal,0.1%polyacrylamide,7%bentonite and 8%vermiculite.

关 键 词：新增耕地 重构土壤 土壤调节剂 地力提升 土壤改良 光合作用 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]