秸秆腐解与养分释放特征对腐熟剂用量的响应  

Response of straw decomposition and nutrient release characteristics to the amount of decomposition agent

作　　者：肖金宝 白延倩 杨宝平[1,2] 贾志宽 韩清芳[1,2] 刘铁宁 XIAO Jin-bao;BAI Yan-qian;YANG Bao-ping;JIA Zhi-kuan;HAN Qing-fang;LIU Tie-ning(College of Agronomy,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University/Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100;Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Sicence in Northwestern Loess Plateau,Minister of Agriculture and Ruraf Affairs of the Peoples′s Republic of China,Yangling Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院/旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第9期181-191,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31601256);中国博士后科学基金(2016M602869)。

摘　　要：农业生产系统存在秸秆养分释放与作物生长需求匹配程度低等问题,拟通过腐熟剂用量调节还田小麦秸秆腐解及养分释放率,使之与作物生长需求相吻合,进而提升夏玉米产量。以人元腐熟剂为供试腐熟剂,小麦秸秆为供试秸秆,郑单958为供试玉米品种。采用完全随机区组试验设计,设置4种腐熟剂施用量:30 kg/hm^(2)(T1)、45 kg/hm^(2)(T2)、60 kg/hm^(2)(T3)、75 kg/hm^(2)(T4),以不施腐熟剂为对照(CK)。测定秸秆腐解率、养分释放率、夏玉米关键生育期的株高、茎粗、生物量和作物产量,通过回归分析探究秸秆养分阶段性释放如何调控夏玉米生长及籽粒产量形成。腐熟剂用量为45 kg/hm^(2)时,秸秆最终腐解率可达69.28%。腐熟剂用量对不同养分释放的调控效果不同,其中,氮和有机碳的释放率呈线性变化,磷和钾的释放率呈阶段性变化。腐熟剂施用对抽雄期(VT)各养分释放率均有显著的促进效应。三叶期(V3)较CK而言,T2和T4处理氮、磷释放率增幅分别达到203.67%、187.05%和17.72%、45.24%;抽雄期,T3处理秸秆钾、有机碳释放率较CK分别增加5.33%和22.42%;生理成熟期(R6),T2处理的氮、磷、钾释放率分别较CK增加了2.55%、17.87%、3.78%,T1处理的有机碳释放率较CK、T3处理分别增加3.64%和4.61%。此外,腐熟剂施用后,夏玉米株高和茎粗均显著增加。成熟期,T2处理单株生物量可达320.0 g,较CK增幅17.19%。最终,T2处理玉米产量显著提升,达11.6 t/hm^(2)。腐熟剂施用显著影响麦秆腐解率,施用45~60 kg/hm^(2)腐熟剂后夏玉米花前小麦秸秆的养分释放率显著提升,在夏玉米生长关键期提供更多养分,最终显著提升了夏玉米籽粒产量。The agricultural production system has been suffering from the problem of low matching between straw nutrient release process and crop growth needs.In this study,we proposed to adjust the nutrient release rate of the returned wheat straw through different amounts of rotting agents to balance the nutrient supply and thus improve summer maize yield.The experiment used Renyuan decomposing agent as the test decomposing agent variety,wheat straw as the test straw,and Zhengdan 958 as the test maize variety.A completely randomized group trial design was adopted,with four application rates of the decomposing agent(T1:30 kg/hm^(2),T2:45 kg/hm^(2),T3:60 kg/hm^(2)and T4:75 kg/hm^(2))and no application of decomposing agent as the control(CK).The straw decomposition rate,nutrient release rate,plant height,stalk thickness,biomass and crop yield during the critical growing period of summer maize were measured to investigate how straw nutrient phase release regulated summer maize growth through regression analysis.The final decomposition rate reached 69.28%in T2 treatment.The trend of regulation of the release of each nutrient by the amount of decomposing agent was different,with linear changes in the release rates of nitrogen and organic carbon,and phase-wise changes in the release rates of phosphorus and potassium.In the VT period(tasseling stage of summer maize),the amount of decomposing agent had a significant promoting effect on the release rate of each nutrient.During the V3 period(three-leaf stage of summer maize),the release rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in T2 and T4 treatments increased by 203.67%,187.05%and 17.72%,45.24%,respectively,compared to CK treatment.During the VT period,the release rates of potassium and organic carbon in T3 treatment increased by 5.33%and 22.42%,compared to CK treatment.During the R6 period(waxing stage of summer maize),the release rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased by 2.55%,17.87%and 3.78%,respectively.And organic carbon release rates increased by 3.64%and 4.61%,respecti

关 键 词：秸秆还田 腐熟剂 养分释放 回归分析 产量 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]