植物新品种实质性派生品种制度:法理溯源、问题检视与实践探索  

The Substantive Derivative Variety System of New Plant Varieties:Legal Tracing,Problem Inspection,and Practical Exploration

作　　者：张轩诚 ZHANG Xuan-cheng(School of Law,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学法学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《太原学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期43-54,共12页Journal of Taiyuan University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：实质性派生品种制度有效地解决了假冒伪劣、套牌侵权的问题。UPOV公约1978年文本向UPOV公约1991年文本的转化,为实质性派生品种制度的发展提供了预留空间,实现了对品种权独立保护的突破,而TRIPS协定为各国的植物新品种保护奠定了基调。我国《种子法》第二十八条的修订实施在实证法角度有了理论依据,但在实践领域应着重关注如何实施实质性派生品种制度,证明责任如何分配,保护该制度的法律依据是否应当扩充等多个方面的规则构建。在保护原始育种者的既得利益的同时,优化我国《植物新品种保护条例》以及创设该制度的司法解释,为实质性派生品种权利人提供实践探索,在植物新品种权保护与商业秘密保护视阈下合理评价原始权利人的权利构造,同时在区块链技术条件中实现植物新品种的信息溯源、利益溯源以及纠纷溯源,探索新模式下植物新品种实质性派生品种制度的“权利-纠纷解决”现实路径。The substantive derivative variety effectively solves the problems of fraud and license infringement.The transformation of the Act of the UPOV Convention(1978) into the Act of the UPOV Convention(1991) gives room for the development of the substantive derivative variety and makes a breakthrough in the independent protection of variety rights.The TRIPS Agreement sets the tone for the protection of new plant varieties in various countries.The revision and implementation of Article 28 of Seed Law of the People's Republic of China offers a theoretical basis from the perspective of empirical method,while in practice,we should focus on how to implement the variety,prove the distribution of responsibilities,and whether the legal basis for protecting the system should be expanded.While protecting the vested interests of original breeders,China's regulations on the protection of New Plant Varieties should be optimized and the corresponding judicial interpretations should be offered to provide practical exploration for substantive derivative variety rights holders,reasonably evaluate the right structure of original right holders from the perspective of the protection of new plant variety rights and trade secret protection.At the same time we need to realize the traceability of information,interest and dispute over new plant varieties under the conditions of block chain technology,and explore the practical path of "rights-dispute resolution" of under the new model.

关 键 词：植物新品种 UPOV公约 实质性派生品种制度 《种子法》 利益衡量 

分 类 号：D922.4[政治法律—法学]