河南一次罕见飞机积冰过程云系宏微观特性的综合观测  

Comprehensive Observation of the Cloud Macro- and Microstructures ofa Rare Aircraft Icing Case in Henan Province

作　　者：彭冲[1,2,3] 宋灿 蔡淼 PENG Chong;SONG Can;and CAI Miao(Weather Modification Center of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450003;Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorological Safeguard and Application Technology of Henan Province,China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Zhengzhou 450003;Weather Modification Center of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]河南省人工影响天气中心,郑州450003 [2]中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室,郑州450003 [4]中国气象局人工影响天气中心,北京100081

出　　处：《大气科学》2023年第6期1757-1769,共13页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室开放课题2019Z01606;中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室应用技术研究基金项目KQ202022、KM202220;国家重点研发计划项目2016YFA0601701。

摘　　要：2018年12月10日河南省人工影响天气中心探测到本省飞机增雨有史以来的最强积冰,积冰出现高度为3600 m(−7.9℃~−12.9℃),机头及机翼最厚积冰达到16.2 cm。利用机载DMT云物理探测资料,结合FY-4A卫星反演云参数和雷达等综合观测,对本次过程的云宏、微观结构特征进行了细致分析。结果表明,此次过程强积冰区域位于700 hPa切变线东侧附近,西南急流持续输送水汽,且大气有深厚逆温层存在,有利于水汽和液态水的堆积。产生积冰的云系云顶高度约4000~5000 m,云顶温度为−15℃~−20℃,云光学厚度大于30。FY-4A云顶相态与机载仪器观测结果较为一致,对过冷水和飞机积冰区域具有一定指示意义。强积冰区域液态水含量丰沛,最大液态含水量可达0.818 g m^(−3),大量球型过冷液滴和半径超过50μm的过冷大滴存在是导致积冰的重要原因。由于强积冰区域缺少尺度超过毫米量级的冰晶粒子,其S波段天气雷达回波值较弱,甚至明显低于非积冰区域。因此在使用天气雷达监测时,单靠回波强度来判断积冰强度存在一定的局限性。The strongest aircraft icing was observed by the Henan Weather Modification Center in the history of their precipitation enhancement operation using an aircraft in Henan Province on 10 December 2018.The strong icing took place at a height of 3600 m(-7.9℃--12.9℃),with the thickness of the icing in the nose and wings reaching 16.2 cm.The macro-and microstructures of the cloud were examined in detail using the airborne DMT observation combined with FY4A satellite retrieval cloud parameters and radar observations.The strong ice accretion area was located in front of the 700-hPa shear line,and water vapor was transported continuously by the southwest jet stream.The deep inversion layer offered conditions conducive to accumulating water vapor and liquid water.In the area with strong icing,the cloud top height was approximately 4000-5000 m,the cloud top temperature was-15℃--20℃,and the cloud optical thickness was more than 30.The FY4A cloud top phase production was in good agreement with the airborne observations,which has certain indication significance for identifying the areas with supercooled water that are prone to ice accumulation.During the strong icing period,liquid water content is abundant in the cloud,and the maximum liquid water content reaches up to 0.818 g m^(-3).The presence of numerous spherical supercooled droplets and large supercooled droplets with a radius>50μm are important reasons for the ice accumulation.Due to the lack of ice crystal particles with scales surpassing the millimeter scale in the area of strong ice accumulation,the S-band weather radar echo is weak,even considerably lower than that in non-icing areas.When using weather radar for monitoring the evolution of weather process and conditions of flight safety,certain limitations in estimating of the ice accretion intensity when only the echo intensity is used should be considered.

关 键 词：飞机积冰 FY-4A卫星 机载探测 云宏微观特性 

分 类 号：P481[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]