低速大扭矩液压马达的配流机构研究  

Study on Flow Distribution Mechanism of Low Speed High TorqueHydraulic Motor

作　　者：于鸣泉 赵继云[1,2] 满家祥[3] 王云飞 YU Mingquan;ZHAO Jiyun;MAN Jiaxiang;WANG Yunfei(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xuzhou Institute of Engineering,Xuzhou 221110,Jiangsu,China;XCMG Basic Engineering Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学机电工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学江苏省矿山机电装备重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [3]徐州工程学院机电工程学院,江苏徐州221110 [4]徐州徐工基础工程机械有限公司,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第11期101-109,共9页Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51778186)。

摘　　要：在煤矿、食品和水下等应用中,低速大扭矩高水基液压马达具有高比功率和介质友好性的优点。但目前高水基液压马达仍保持液压油马达的配流结构不变,仅替换工作介质,将液压油替代为高水基乳化液。然而,传统配流盘结构使用弹簧力压紧,保证密封,但在低速、高压和高水基工况下,配流盘磨损严重,从而产生严重泄漏。针对高水基乳化液驱动系统,文中提出了一种由阀、轴承和五星轮组成的阀配流机构,马达的进排液过程通过配流阀控制,而配流阀的启闭由五星轮驱动控制;然后,对比分析了偏心轮、凸轮和五星轮配流机构的配流规律及优缺点,发现五星轮配流结构可减小顶杆应力集中并解决了顶杆自旋卡紧现象;最后,利用AMESim仿真验证了五星轮配流结构的优越性,还制备了样机并进行性能实验。结果表明:在不同转速(10~90r/min)和压力(5~21MPa)下,柱塞腔内的压力可迅速建立;与传统配流盘机构相比,21MPa、90r/min高水基工况下阀配流机构的泄漏量仅为0.15mL/min,显著提高了马达容积效率。In applications such as coal mining, food and underwater operations, low speed high torque high water-basedhydraulic motors have the advantages of high power-to-weight ratio and medium compatibility. However, the currenthigh-water-based hydraulic motors still maintain the same flow distribution structure as oil motors and only replace theworking medium with high-water-based emulsion instead of hydraulic oil. Traditional flow distribution disc structuresuse spring force to ensure sealing. Under low speed, high pressure, and high water-based conditions, the flow distributiondisc wears heavily, resulting in serious leaks. For high-water-based emulsion drive systems, this paper proposed a valveflow distribution mechanism comprising valves, bearings, and a pentagon-wheel. The motor’s intaking and dischargingprocess is controlled by a check valve, and the opening and closing of the valve is controlled by the pentagon-wheel.Then the paper carried out comparative analysis on flow distribution rules, advantages and disadvantages of eccentricwheel,cam, and pentagon-wheel flow distribution mechanisms. It is found that the pentagon-wheel flow distributionstructure can reduce the concentration of push rod stress and solve the phenomenon of push rod self-rotation jamming.Finally, the superiority of the five-star wheel flow distribution structure was verified by using AMESim. The prototypewas prepared and the performance experiment was carried out. The results show that the pressure in the plunger cavitycan be quickly established under different speed (10~90 r/min) and pressure (5~21 MPa). Compared with traditional discflow distribution mechanisms, the leak rate of the valve flow distribution mechanism under high-water-based conditions of21 MPa and 90 r/min is only 0. 15 mL/min, significantly improving motor volume efficiency.

关 键 词：高水基液压马达 数值仿真 阀配流机构 低速大扭矩 流体传动 

分 类 号：TH137.51[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]