冬闲田种植豌豆和蚕豆的生产及生态效益分析  

Analysis of Productive and Ecological Effectiveness of Planting Peas and Broad Beans in Winter Idle Field

作　　者：郭瑞 陈高 兰红 黄敏 王建兵 陈禅友 GUO Rui;CHEN Gao;LAN Hong;HUANG Min;WANG Jianbing;CHEN Chanyou(School of Life Sciences,Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Legume Plant,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,Hubei,China;Hubei Shihuiyuan Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430042,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学生命科学学院,湖北省豆类(蔬菜)植物工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430056 [2]湖北食汇缘农业科技有限公司,湖北武汉430042

出　　处：《江汉大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期5-10,共6页Journal of Jianghan University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：湖北省技术创新专项项目(2017ABA147);百校联百县—高校服务乡村振兴科技支撑行动计划(BXLBX0360)。

摘　　要：越冬种植的豌豆和蚕豆,其植株体可增绿降碳,翌春采收的鲜荚又可供应淡季蔬菜市场,其根具有生物固氮功能,秸秆还田培肥地力,兼具生产与生态效益。以豌豆和蚕豆的4个品种为试验材料,种植于武汉市东西湖区水稻冬闲田,测定了4个品种在生育期内经济产量、光合特性、CO_(2)吸收量、秸秆还田量及其所含N、P、K量等指标,并与同期种植的油菜和紫云英作比较。结果表明:蔓生型豌豆WD-001的产量和净收益均高;蚕豆品种‘优质大白皮’CO_(2)吸收量最高,全生育期达941.32 kg/667m^(2),且其还田秸秆中N含量(129.16 kg/667m^(2))明显高于除紫云英外的其他品种,P含量(53.30 kg/667m^(2))略低于紫云英和油菜,K含量(159.06 kg/667m^(2))显著高于其他品种,具有较好的降碳效果和培肥潜力。因此,冬闲田种植豌豆和蚕豆兼具良好的经济效益和生态效益,是充分利用主栽作物冬闲田的一种新模式。Planting peas and broad beans overwinter can add green and reduce carbon dioxide,their fresh pods harvested in the following spring can supply products in the offseason vegetable market,their roots can fix free nitrogen,and their straw returned to the field can improve soil fertility,which has both productive and ecological effectiveness.In this study,the four cultivars of these crops were planted in the winter idle rice field in Dongxihu District of Wuhan City.The yield,photosynthetic characteristics,CO_(2)absorption,straw weight returning to the field,and their contents of N,P,and K were measured,comparing with the rape and milk vetch cultivated in the same period.The results showed that the yield and net income of pea cultivar WD-001 were higher than the others;the CO_(2)absorption amount of the broad bean cultivar'YouzhiDabaipi'was the highest,reaching 941.32 kg/667m^(2)during the whole growth period,the N content(129.16 kg/667m^(2))in its returned straw was significantly higher than that of other cultivars except for milk vetch,the P content(53.30 kg/667m^(2))was slightly lower than that of milk vetch and rape,the K content(159.06 kg/667m^(2))was significantly higher than the other cultivars,which had a good carbon reduction effect and fertilizer potential.Therefore,planting peas and broad beans in winter idle fields has both good economic and ecological effectiveness,which is a new mode to make full use of the winter idle fields after the main crops are harvested.

关 键 词：豌豆 蚕豆 冬闲田 光合特性 经济产量 培肥 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]