马克思《博士论文》中时间问题探析  

Analysis of the Time Problem in Marx’s Doctoral Thesis

作　　者：姬书洋 邵宇 JI Shuyang;SHAO Yu(Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《郑州航空工业管理学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期47-52,共6页Journal of Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BKS101);2024年度河南省高等学校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目(2024-JCZD-02)。

摘　　要：在《德谟克利特的自然哲学和伊壁鸠鲁的自然哲学的差别》一文中,马克思在比照德谟克利特与伊壁鸠鲁二人时间观异同的过程中建构了“感性时间”理论体系。对于被本质世界排斥的“时间”范畴,德谟克利特将时间归置到与世界不相关的主体自我意识领域;伊壁鸠鲁将时间拉回到现象领域,强调时间是现象的绝对形式。马克思则将时间引向现实人的感性实践领域,强调时间和人的感性都是感性世界自身的反映,时间概念同时具备真实的现实基础和逻辑形式,这不仅克服了德谟克利特把感性时间看作主观假象而导致的怀疑主义,同时也避免了伊壁鸠鲁轻视实证知识而产生的空虚道德主义。感性时间观关涉人的感性生活和人的现实自由,这也折射出马克思哲学相对于黑格尔哲学、费尔巴哈哲学的异质性。In the article The Differences Between Democritus’Natural Philosophy and Epicurus’Natural Philosophy,Marx constructed a theoretical system of perceptual time by comparing the similarities and differences in the time views of Democritus and Epicurus.For the category of time that is excluded by the essential world,Democritus categorizes time into the realm of subjective self-awareness that is unrelated to the world;Epicurus brought time back to the realm of phenomena,emphasizing that time is the absolute form of phenomena.Marx,on the other hand,introduced time into the field of human perceptual practice,emphasizing that both time and human perception are reflections of the perceptual world itself,and that the concept of time has both a real realistic foundation and logical form.This not only overcame the skepticism caused by Democritus’subjective illusion,but also avoided Epicurus’Moral Nihilism resulted from disregard for empirical knowledge.This perceptual view of time is related to human perceptual life and human freedom in reality,which also reflects the heterogeneity of Marxist philosophy compared to Hegelian philosophy and Feuerbach philosophy.

关 键 词：马克思 《博士论文》 时间 感性生活 现实自由 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]