财政分权、定向激励与农业增长——以“省直管县”财政体制改革为例  

Fiscal Decentralization,Targeted Incentives and Agricultural Growth:Evidence from China's Province-Managing-County Fiscal Reform

作　　者：龚斌磊 张启正 袁菱苒 马光荣[3,4] Gong Binlei;Zhang Qizheng;Yuan Lingran;Ma Guangrong(China Academy for Rural Development,Zhejiang University;School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University;School of Finance,Renmin University of China;China Financial Policy Research Center,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学中国农村发展研究院 [2]浙江大学公共管理学院 [3]中国人民大学财政金融学院 [4]中国人民大学中国财政金融政策研究中心

出　　处：《管理世界》2023年第7期30-45,共16页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号:72161147001、72173114、71903172);国家社科基金重大项目(基金号:21&ZD092、21&ZD095)的资助。

摘　　要：财政分权与经济增长考核激励是塑造地方政府行为的重要制度环境,但片面追求经济增长的考核机制,导致包括农业在内的一些“弱激励”项目长期得不到重视。本文采用双重差分法,以“省直管县”财政体制改革为例,研究财政分权、定向激励对县域农业发展的影响。研究发现,在农业增长考核处于“弱激励”的背景下,“省直管县”财政体制改革会使扩权后的县级政府强化经济政策的离农倾向,导致农业增长的负向影响。随着农业考核的逐渐加强,“省直管县”对农业投入与产出的负向影响得到了显著缓解。本文认为,“财政分权+定向激励”在一定程度上对地方政府行为进行修正,是解决发展不平衡、不充分问题的一种可能的模式。Fiscal decentralization and political incentives of government officials are the key institutional environments that have in⁃duced local government behaviors.However,the endless pursuit of economic growth has led to the long-term neglect of some"weak incen⁃tive"programs,including agriculture.This paper takes the experience of China's province-managing-county fiscal reform(PMC reform)and agricultural growth as an example to investigate the impact of fiscal decentralization and targeted incentives on development at countylevel by using the differences-in-differences method.The results show that,in the context of"weak incentives"for agriculture,the PMC re⁃form makes the county-level governments strengthen the non-agricultural tendency of economic policy,and therefore leads to a negative impact on agricultural growth.With increasing targeted incentives for county-level officials in agriculture,the negative impact of the PMC reform on agriculture has been significantly mitigated.This paper concludes that"fiscal decentralization plus targeted incentives"is a po⁃tential policy combination to tackle the issues in unbalanced and insufficient development by correcting the behavior of local governments.

关 键 词：“省直管县”财政体制改革 财政分权 定向激励 农业增长 生产率分析 

分 类 号：F812.2[经济管理—财政学] F323