扶养费请求权不受诉讼时效限制的三个理论误区及其矫正  

Three Theoretical Misunderstandings and Correction of the Right to Claim Support Expenses Not Subject to the Litigation Limitation

作　　者：徐国栋[1] Xu Guodong

机构地区：[1]厦门大学,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2023年第10期115-125,179,F0002,共13页Exploration and Free Views

摘　　要：《民法典》第196条第3项排斥抚养费、赡养费和扶养费请求权适用诉讼时效制度是基于三个理论误区:其一,对《墨西哥民法典》关于扶养费时效规定的不全面认知;其二,对《德国民法典》关于扶养费时效规定的不全面认知;其三,时效制度不适用于家庭法的错论。上述规定由于与现实的司法操作存在一定隔阂,在具体的司法实践中产生了一定问题。从域外立法现状来看,大陆法系绝大多数国家的民法典都规定扶养费请求权适用诉讼时效,这种安排具有督促权利人及时行权和避免义务人不受权利失效制度保护的积极意义。我国应全面认知墨西哥立法例,且应根据司法实践的现实需要,在适当时机调整《民法典》第196条第3项的规定。The article 196,paragraph 3 of the Civil Code excludes the application of the statute of limitations to claims for expense of maintenance,support and alimony based on three theoretical misunderstandings.Firstly,there is an incomplete understanding of the provisions of the Mexican Civil Code regarding the limitation period for claim of support.Secondly,there is an incomplete understanding of the provisions of the German Civil Code on the limitation period for claim of support.Thirdly,the fallacy that the statute of limitations does not apply to family law.Due to the certain gap between the above-mentioned provisions and the actual specific operation,the article 196,paragraph 3 of the Civil Code is constantly“repelled”in concrete judicial practice.From extraterritorial experience,the civil codes of the vast majority of countries in the continental legal system stipulate that the right to claim support is subject to the statute of limitations,which has a positive significance in urging the right holder to exercise his rights in a timely manner and avoiding the obligor from being claimed a huge number of support.Instead of following Mexican legislation,China should adjust at an appropriate time the provisions of article 196,paragraph 3,of the Civil Code that excludes the application of the statute of limitations to the claims for expense maintenance,support and alimony.

关 键 词：扶养费 扶养 诉讼时效 债权请求权 墨西哥民法典 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]