从“兴女学”到马克思主义妇女观——黄璧魂与中国近代妇女运动考论  

From “Women’s Studies” to Marxist View of Women:Huang Bihun and the Women’s Movement in Modern China

作　　者：马勤勤[1] Ma Qinqin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2023年第10期165-176,180,共13页Exploration and Free Views

摘　　要：在中国妇女运动史上,黄璧魂是一个不应被遗忘的名字。她虽然出身传统,自幼缠足,接受旧式的家塾教育,但却在近代中国风云变幻的时代氛围中始终与时俱进,以开放的怀抱去接受各种与传统相异的新学说,致力于拯救以妇女为代表的弱势群体。当清末风气未开之时,黄璧魂出走封建家庭,兴办书社和家庭教育女学堂,宣传自由与女权学说,为广东女学先进。五四之后,她转而接受马克思主义,先后突破性别窒碍与国族藩篱,将中国妇女的解放纳入全世界无产阶级解放的视域中通盘考量,身先士卒地参与并组织妇女运动与工人运动。黄璧魂是目前已知的唯一一位完整参与了晚清、民初至五四三个阶段妇女解放思潮的女性。她的重新发现,是中国妇女史和革命史研究的重要创获。In the history of the Chinese women’s movement,Huang Bihun is a name that should not be forgotten.Although she came from a traditional background,and received an old-fashioned family school education,she always kept abreast of the times in the changing atmosphere of modern China,embraced various new doctrines that differed from the traditional ones with an open mind,and devoted herself to saving the disadvantaged groups represented by women.She ran away from her feudal family and organized a book club and a women’s school for family education to propagate the doctrines of freedom and women’s rights,which made her the first women’s school in Guangdong.After the May Fourth Movement,she embraced Marxism,breaking through gender barriers and national barriers to bring the liberation of Chinese women into the context of global proletarian liberation,participating in and organizing the women’s and workers’movements as well as taking the lead in these movements.Huang Bihun is the only woman known to have participated in all three phases of women’s liberation thinking,from the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republican period to the May Fourth Movement.Her rediscovery is an important achievement in the study of Chinese women’s history and revolutionary history.

关 键 词：黄璧魂 妇女解放 兴女学 马克思主义妇女观 

分 类 号：D442.9[政治法律—政治学]