数据四象限分类确权规则研究  

Research on the Distribution of Data Rights Based on the Four-quadrant Classification Model

作　　者：包晓丽 Bao Xiaoli

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《法学杂志》2023年第6期136-152,共17页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“数据分类确权规则研究”(项目编号:23CFX036)的研究成果。

摘　　要：数据价值的商业化实现涉及数据来源者和数据处理者两类主体。依据来源者是否为个人和处理者是否为公共部门这两个分类标准,我们可以将数据分置于公共个人数据、非公共个人数据、非公共非个人数据、公共非个人数据四个象限,此四象限内的数据开放程度依次递增。涉及个人隐私的数据除非经过匿名化处理或取得个人单独同意,否则不可随意流转,行业主管部门应对来源于个人的数据处理活动进行全流程监管。数据原始处理者原则上享有数据持有、使用和经营权,并细化为以“控制”为核心的数据资源持有权、以“加工”和“自用”为核心的数据加工使用权、以“营利性收益”和“非营利性处分”为核心的数据经营处分权。数据继受处理者的权利范围取决于数据流转合同的约定。涉及多类别数据的复合应用场景,应叠加适用对应象限的数据确权与流转规则。The commercialization of data involves two types of subjects-data sources and data processors.According to the two classification criteria of whether the source is an individual or not and whether the processor is a public sector or not,we can divide data into four quadrants:public personal data,non-public personal data,non-public non-personal data,and public non-personal data,with the degree of openness of the data within the four quadrants increasing in order.Data involving privacy cannot be circulated unless it has been anonymized or with the individual's separate consent.Industry regulatory authorities shall supervise the entire processing of individual data.The original data processors are entitled to hold,use and manage data,and profit from them,which shall be refined into the right to hold data resources centered on control,the right to use data processing centered on processing and self-consumption,and the right to operate and dispose of data centered on operating income and non-operating disposal.The rights of successive processors depend on the data circulation contract.For scenarios involving multiple types of data,the distribution of data rights shall follow the corresponding quadrant rules.

关 键 词：数据 分类确权 数据来源者 数据处理者 三权分置 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]