帽儿山干扰系列次生林碳密度恢复  

Carbon density recovery of disturbance sequence secondary forests in Maoershan

作　　者：蔺佳玮 张全智[1,2,3] 王传宽 LIN Jiawei;ZHANG Quanzhi;WANG Chuankuan(Center for Ecological Research,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Key laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management Minstry of Education,Harbin 150040,China;School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry Unirersity,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生态研究中心,哈尔滨150040 [2]森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040 [3]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第21期8793-8802,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2200401);国家自然科学基金项目(32071748)。

摘　　要：干扰作为森林恢复和生态演替的重要影响因子,通过其改变植被群落的组成和微环境,进而影响森林生态系统碳动态及固碳潜力。针对帽儿山地区阔叶红松原始林不同时期皆伐后形成的次生林干扰系列,包括林木采伐一次(NS,林龄56a)、采伐两次(MS,林龄25a)和采伐两次且扰动表层土壤(YD,林龄15a)的次生林,采用森林清查和异速生长方程结合的方法,旨在量化干扰方式对温带森林恢复进程中生态系统碳密度及分配格局的影响。结果表明:YD、MS和NS的0—50 cm各层次土壤有机碳含量的波动范围依次分别为10.46—29.27 mg/g、6.37—108.40 mg/g、5.21—114.34 mg/g;且随土层的加深土壤有机碳含量显著降低。表层土壤(0—20 cm)有机碳含量在各干扰处理间存在显著差异(P<0.01),而深层土壤有机碳含量差异不显著;土壤有机碳含量与容重呈显著负相关关系。表层土壤有机碳密度占土壤总有机碳密度(0—100 cm)的50%以上,YD的表层土壤有机碳密度(30.91 t/hm^2)显著低于MS(54.09 t/hm^2)和NS(55.14 t/hm^2)。三种干扰处理的植被碳密度、土壤有机碳密度和生态系统碳密度的波动范围依次分别为45.63—98.97 t/hm^2、62.09—91.67 t/hm^2、107.72—181.26 t/hm^2。植被碳密度随林龄呈上升趋势,而各演替时期树种碳密度变化趋势不一致,其中,先锋树种((37.47±2.64) t/hm^2)和灌木种((0.85±0.48) t/hm^2)的碳密度在各林型间差异不显著,而后期种的碳密度则存在差异显著性,其波动范围为4.05—62.48 t/hm^2。植被碳密度年均增长量(MAI)随林龄呈下降趋势,由YD的3.04 t hm^(-2) a^(-1)降低到NS的1.77 t hm^(-2) a^(-1);该趋势主要归咎于先锋种随演替进程而发生的变化,而后期种和灌木种的贡献无显著差异。这些研究结果表明:对东北温带森林土壤的中长期扰动改变其微环境和容重,导致表层有机碳释放;而仅对地上植被采伐干扰对土壤有机碳无显著影响Disturbance is an important factor affecting forest restoration and ecological succession.It changes plant community composition and microenvironment,and then affects carbon distribution and carbon sequestration potential of forest ecosystem.In this study,we selected disturbance sequence secondary forests,i.e.,the near-mature secondary forest(NS,56 years)formed by natural succession after clear-cutting of the mixed-broadleaved Korean pine forest,the half-mature secondary forest(MS,25 years)formed by natural succession after clear cutting of NS,and disturbed young secondary forest(YD,15 years)formed by natural succession after clear cutting of NS and the soil has been disturbed for 15 years.We used the inventory and biometry-based measurement to examine the carbon density and its distribution.Our objectives were to quantify the effect of disturbance types and vegetation restoration on the carbon density and its distribution pattern of the temperate secondary forests in Northeast China.The results showed that the soil organic carbon content([SOC])of different soil layers(0-50 cm)varied from 10.46 to 29.27 mg/g,6.37 to 108.40 mg/g,5.21 to 114.34 mg/g in YD,MS,and NS,respectively.And the[SOC]decreased significantly with the deepening of soil layer.There were significant differences in the topsoil(0-20 cm)[SOC]among the sequence secondary forests(P<0.01),but no significant difference in subsoil.The[SOC]was negatively correlated with bulk density.The topsoil organic carbon density accounted for more than 50%of the total soil organic carbon density.The topsoil SOC density of YD(30.91 t/hm^2)was significantly lower than that of MS(54.09 t/hm^2)and NS(55.14 t/hm^2).The carbon density of vegetation,soil(0-100 cm),and ecosystem varied from 45.63 to 98.97 t/hm^2,62.09 to 91.67 t/hm^2,and 107.72 to 181.26 t/hm^2 in the three secondary forests,respectively.The carbon density of vegetation increased with the stand age,but the carbon density change trend of the tree species in different succession periods was not consistent.The

关 键 词：土壤扰动 土壤有机碳 碳密度 温带次生林 森林恢复 碳汇 碳分配 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]