基于切顶卸压理论的绿色开采理念探索  

Exploration of Green Mining Idea Based on the Roof-cutting and Pressure-relief Theory

作　　者：李俊平[1] 王海泉 刘非 LI Junping;WANG Haiquan;LIU Fei(College of Resources Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China;Northwest Nonferrous Geology and Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学资源工程学院,陕西西安710055 [2]西北有色地质矿业集团有限公司,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《金属矿山》2023年第11期130-135,共6页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51244006);国家安全生产科技发展计划项目(编号:06-512);陕西省科技攻关项目(编号:2016YFJH2-10)。

摘　　要：保水开采、减沉开采及废石、尾矿充填是非煤地下矿山绿色开采的核心内容。充填采矿是实现绿色开采的根本途径,但充填采矿不仅成本相对较高,实践表明也无法根本消除不均匀沉降及深部开采高地压。提出了基于切顶卸压理论的绿色开采理念,阐述了各种赋存条件下矿体绿色开采和安全开采的技术设想。研究表明:借助控制爆破切断一定深度的顶板并堆筑成支撑顶板的堆石坝,不仅能消除或转移高地压,还能借助这个似弹簧结构的合理分布控制顶板沉降,也能作为充填采矿的挡墙;在急倾斜采空区,通过直接排放爆破松石到未凝固的胶结充填体中,不仅可以大幅度降低充填成本,还能够提高充填挡墙的强度;基于切顶卸压理论的绿色开采理念是矿山深部实现安全、绿色开采和矿柱全采的必由之路。Water-retaining mining,subsidence reducing mining,waste rock and tailing filling were the core contents of green mining in non-coal underground mines.The review shows filling mining was the fundamental way to realize green mining,but filling mining was not only relatively high in cost,practice had shown that uneven settlement and high underground pressure of deep mining could also not be eliminated.In this paper,the green mining concept based on the top-cutting and pressure-re-lief theory is put forward,and these technical assumptions of green mining and safe mining of ore-body under various occur-rence conditions are expounded.The research shows that cutting off the roof of a certain depth by controlled blasting and build-ing up rock-fill dam supporting the roof,it can not only eliminate or transfer the high underground pressure,but also control the roof settlement by the rational distribution of this spring-like structure,it can also be used as an retaining wall for filling min-ing.In the steeply inclined forsaken stope,blasting loose rock is directly discharged into the unsolidified cemented filling body,which can not only greatly reduce the filling cost,but also improve the strength of the filling retaining wall.Green mining idea based on the theory of top-cutting and pressure-relief is the only way to realize safety,green mining and full mining of pillar.

关 键 词：采空区处理 切顶卸压理论 绿色开采 安全开采 地表沉陷 

分 类 号：TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采]