高台阶并段预裂爆破半隔孔导向爆破技术研究  

Study on High Bench Parallel Section Presplitting Blasting with Half Separated Hole Guided Blasting Technique

作　　者：徐晓东[1] 杜文秀[1] XU Xiaodong;DU Wenxiu(Barun Mining Branch,Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co.,Ltd.,Baotou 014000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司巴润矿业分公司,内蒙古包头014000

出　　处：《金属矿山》2023年第11期154-160,共7页Metal Mine

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2023YFC2907305)。

摘　　要：为控制高台阶并段爆破边坡质量及稳定性,在传统预裂爆破技术的基础上,提出了半隔孔导向预裂爆破技术。分析了隔孔导向预裂爆破应力分布规律及裂隙扩展情况。研究表明:半隔孔发挥上部未装药段空孔导向作用,形成拉应力集中,并在炮孔底部加强装药段形成压应力集中,弥补正常孔装药的不足,克服炮孔深部夹制作用;选取半隔孔装药量1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 kg及孔间距0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9 m各4种方案,开展了半隔孔技术方案数值分析和现场试验。试验结果表明:装药量2.5 kg、线装药密度0.42 kg/m时,孔距选为0.8 m,此时可使能量利用率最大,保证底部的炮孔贯穿。研究结果对于露天矿山开采靠界爆破实践具有一定的参考意义。In order to control the quality and stability of high bench parallel blasting slopes,based on traditional pre-splitting blasting technique,a semi spaced hole guided pre-splitting blasting technique was proposed.The stress distribution law and crack expansion of the separated hole guided pre-splitting blasting were analyzed.The study results show that the semi spaced hole played a guiding role in the upper unfilled section of the empty hole,forming tensile stress concentration,and strengthening the charging section at the bottom of the blast hole to form compressive stress concentration,make up for the in-sufficient charging of normal holes and overcome the deep clamping effect of blast holes.Four schemes were selected for semi spaced hole charging,namely 1.5,2.0,2.5,3 kg,and hole spacing of 0.6,0.7,0.8,and 0.9 m.Numerical analysis and on-site experiments were conducted on the semi spaced hole technology scheme.The results indicated that when the charging a-mount was 2.5 kg and the linear charging density was 0.42 kg/m,the hole spacing was selected as 0.8 m,which maximized energy utilization and ensured the penetration of the bottom blast hole.The study have a certain reference significance for the practice of boundary blasting in open-pit mining.

关 键 词：矿山爆破 高台阶并段 预裂爆破 半隔孔导向 夹制作用 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]