囚笼中的末人——论《致某科学院的报告》中通往奴役之路的红彼得  

The last man in a cage:on Red Peter who embarks on the path to servitude in A Report to an Academy of Sciences

作　　者：戴春雷[1] DAI Chunlei(College of Literature,Jilin Normal University,Siping 136000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学文学院,吉林四平136000

出　　处：《浙江师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期70-81,共12页Journal of Zhejiang Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“文学人类学视域下华夏与古代近东神话比较研究”(19BZW172)。

摘　　要：卡夫卡在《致某科学院的报告》中表现的是现代西方人在权力肆虐的生存境遇中伐性自戕却又自鸣得意的奴性生存状态。红彼得这一现代西方人畸变的艺术形象是卡夫卡对尼采“末人”哲学概念的成功隐喻。二者相得益彰,都深刻揭示了启蒙主义以来现代西方人精神颓废的核心病症。红彼得抛弃自由、迷信科学,把奴隶身份做得津津有味、踌躇满志,竟至作报告宣传、美化自己的阉奴奋斗史;它以“阉割自我、膜拜权力”为代价,由困兽铁笼进入充满规训与惩罚的文化囚笼,并试图以进步与成功的幌子来掩盖其背叛生命、苟延残喘的颓废现实。红彼得报告的实质是一种自甘堕落、助纣为虐的叛卖行为,其“平庸之恶”加剧了人类逼迫猿猴族群集体走上“通往奴役之路”的没落进程。在一定程度上,卡夫卡以《致某科学院的报告》警醒世人现代性与大屠杀之间的可能。Kafka’s A Report to an Academy of Sciences shows the suicidal but complacent slavish living state of modern people in the power-raging situation.The distorted artistic image of the modern man,Red Peter,is Kafka’s successful metaphor for Nietzsche’s philosophical concept of“the last man”.They complement each other and deeply reveal the core disease of modern man’s spiritual decadence since the Enlightenment.Abandoning freedom and obsessing himself with science,Red Peter relished in slavery with complacency,insomuch that he even made a report to propagandize and beautify his struggling history to servitude.At the cost of“castrating oneself and worshiping power”,it enters the cultural cage full of discipline and punishment and tries to hide its betrayal of life and struggling with progress and success.The essence of the Red Peter report is a kind of treason of depravity and complicity,and its“mediocre evil”has intensified the declining process that humans forced the ape group to embark on the“path to servitude”.To some extent,Kafka’s A Report to an Academy of Sciences alerted the world to the possibility of modernity and the Holocaust.

关 键 词：卡夫卡 尼采 颓废 末人 奴役之路 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]