我国尾矿库事故次生河流污染事件特征分析  

Analysis on the characteristics of secondary river pollution events caused by tailings pond accidents in China

作　　者：边归国 王翔 陈影声 潘文斌[3] BIAN Guiguo;WANG Xiang;CHEN Yingsheng;PAN Wenbin(Fujian Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment,Fuzhou 350003,China;Fujian Provincial Emergency and Accident Investigation Center of Ecology and Environment,Fuzhou 350003,China;College of Environment and Safety Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省生态环境厅,福州350003 [2]福建省生态环境应急与事故调查中心,福州350003 [3]福州大学环境与安全工程学院,福州350108

出　　处：《矿冶》2023年第6期96-102,共7页Mining And Metallurgy

基　　金：福建省生态环境厅2022年度重点科技项目(2022R010)。

摘　　要：2000年以来,我国发生了多起尾矿库事故次生河流污染事件,造成了严重的环境污染。为了有效应对尾矿库事故对河流的污染,保障供水安全,通过对国内40起尾矿库事故次生河流污染事件的综合分析,发现主要成因为结构破坏、违法违规建设生产、自然灾害三种类型,并具有污染物排放量大、污染范围广、污染因子多、应急处置难等特征。研究表明,次生河流污染事件应急处置应按照“南阳实践”的思路,建立四级防御体系。首先,需充分利用尾矿库附近的湿地、坑塘、干枯河床等场地,尽可能将泄漏的污染物控制在陆域,减少入河量。其次,构筑多级拦截坝和合理利用各种环境应急空间和设施拦截或稀释污水,并根据污染物的种类和性质分别采取沉淀、吸附、氧化还原等方法降低拦截污水中污染物的浓度和毒性。最后,强化下游自来水厂深度处理工艺,最终恢复河流正常状态并保障供水安全。Since 2000,China has experienced multiple tailings pond accidents and secondary river pollution incidents,resulting in serious environmental pollution.In order to effectively reduce the pollution of rivers caused by tailings pond accidents and ensure water supply safety,a comprehensive analysis of 40 secondary river pollution incidents caused by tailings pond accidents in China was conducted.The main causes were structural damage,illegal construction and production,and natural disasters,with characteristics such as large pollutant emissions,wide pollution range,multiple pollution factors,and difficulty in emergency response.Research has shown that emergency response to secondary river pollution incidents should follow the approach of“Nanyang Practice”and establish a four-level defense system.Firstly,it is necessary to make full use of wetlands,ponds,dry riverbed and other sites near the tailings pond,and try to control the leaked pollutants in the land area as much as possible to reduce the amount of water entering the river.Secondly,emergency response must construct multi-level interception dams and make reasonable use of various environmental emergency spaces and facilities to intercept or dilute wastewater.Based on the types and properties of pollutants,emergency response must adopt methods such as sedimentation,adsorption,and redox to reduce the concentration and toxicity of pollutants in intercepted wastewater.Thirdly,emergency response should strengthen the deep treatment process of downstream water plants,and ultimately restore the normal state of the river and ensure water supply safety.

关 键 词：尾矿库事故 次生污染 河流 特征 

分 类 号：X507[环境科学与工程—环境工程]