儿童细菌性肠炎病原学分布特点及及耐药性分析  

作　　者：陶建华 

机构地区：[1]浙江省嘉兴市妇幼保健院,314009

出　　处：《浙江临床医学》2023年第11期1642-1643,1646,共3页Zhejiang Clinical Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的分析儿童细菌性肠炎的病原学分布特点及耐药性分析。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年12月嘉兴市妇幼保健院细菌性肠炎患者的临床资料。结果大便培养总送检数567例,培养阳性标本102例,检出阳性率17.99%。其中沙门菌属肠炎66例(64.71%),鼠伤寒沙门菌51例,非鼠伤寒沙门菌15例;金黄色葡萄球菌26例(25.49%);铜绿假单胞菌10例(9.80%)。鼠伤寒沙门菌药敏实验结果显示:阿莫西林/克拉维酸钾、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他定、头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、氨曲南、亚胺培南、美罗培南、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、四环素敏感性均>80%,其中亚胺培南和美罗培南敏感性均为100%。氨苄西林、哌拉西林、头孢唑啉、莫西沙星、复方新诺明耐药率均>50%。金黄色葡萄球菌药敏实验结果显示:环丙沙星、庆大霉素、利福平、复方新诺明、呋喃妥因、利奈唑胺、万古霉素、替考拉宁敏感性均>90%,苯唑西林、阿莫西林克拉维酸钾敏感性>70%,青霉素、氨苄西林、克林霉素、红霉素耐药率均>50%。结论≤3岁是儿童细菌性肠炎的高发年龄段,尤其是<1岁婴幼儿,夏季是细菌性肠炎高发季节,鼠伤寒沙门菌是细菌性肠炎主要感染源。Objective To analyse the etiological distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of pediatric bacterial gastroenteritis.Methods The clinical data of bacterial enteritis patients in Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The total number of fecal cultures submitted for testing was 567,and 102 positive specimens were cultured,with a positive detection rate of 17.99%.Among them,there were 66 cases of Salmonella enteritis(64.71%),51 cases of Salmonella typhimurium,and 15 cases of non Salmonella typhimurium,Staphylococcus aureus had 26 cases(25.49%),10 cases(9.80%)of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The drug sensitivity test results of Salmonella typhimurium showed that the sensitivity of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid potassium,piperacillin/tazobactam,ceftazidine,cefotaxime,cefepime,aztreonam,imipenem,meropenem,amikacin,gentamicin and tetracycline were all more than 80%,of which the sensitivity of imipenem and meropenem were all 100%.The drug resistance rates of ampicillin,piperacillin,cefazolin,moxifloxacin and sulfamethoxazole were more than 50%.The drug sensitivity test results of Staphylococcus aureus showed that the sensitivity of ciprofloxacin,gentamicin,rifampicin,sulfamethoxazole,nitrofurantoin,linezolid,vancomycin,teicoplanin was>90%,the sensitivity of oxacillin,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was>70%,and the resistance rate of penicillin,ampicillin,clindamycin,and erythromycin was>50%.Conclusion Children aged 3 and under are at a high risk of bacterial enteritis in Jiaxing,especially infants under 1 year old.Summer is the season of high incidence of bacterial enteritis.Salmonella typhimurium is the main source of bacterial enteritis in Jiaxing.

关 键 词：细菌性肠炎 儿童 大便培养 细菌病原学 药敏实验 

分 类 号：R725.7[医药卫生—儿科]