异亮氨酸的营养生理作用及其在猪生产中的应用研究进展  

Research Progress on Nutritional Physiological Effects of Isoleucine and Its Application in Pig Production

作　　者：卢麒 杨雪芬 王丽 朱翠 LU Qi;YANG Xuefen;WANG Li;ZHU Cui(School of Life Science and Engineering,Foshan University,Foshan 528225,China;State Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院,生命科学与工程学院,佛山528225 [2]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所,农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室,畜禽育种国家重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2023年第12期4886-4898,共13页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：十四五国家重点研发专项(2021YFD1300402);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515011185)。

摘　　要：异亮氨酸作为猪机体内重要的必需氨基酸之一,也是支链氨基酸家族的一员。异亮氨酸具有维持机体葡萄糖稳态,调节蛋白质及脂质合成、分解代谢等生理功能。饲粮中适量的异亮氨酸水平具有改善猪生长性能;改善肠道形态结构,通过促进肠道营养转运载体的表达、调节肠道菌群等功能来促进猪的肠道发育;通过促进免疫细胞增殖、提高免疫反应性物质和宿主防御肽的表达来改善机体免疫;以及改善猪胴体性状、提高猪肉品质等作用。在当前饲料价格高涨与积极推广低蛋白质低豆粕多元化饲粮的行业背景下,异亮氨酸在猪营养中的应用备受重视,其中L-异亮氨酸的生物合成技术、低蛋白质低豆粕饲粮中异亮氨酸与其他氨基酸尤其是支链氨基酸的平衡问题,以及不同生理阶段猪对异亮氨酸的营养需要量、常见饲料原料与非常规饲料原料的回肠可消化异亮氨酸参数及其动态预测模型等都是未来生产应用时值得深入研究的问题。作者对异亮氨酸的营养生理作用及其在猪生产中的营养需要和应用研究进展进行综述,以期为未来猪精准营养供给和生猪养殖的降本增效措施提供一定参考。Isoleucine,as one of the important essential amino acids for pigs,is a member of the branched chain amino acid.Isoleucine has the physiological functions of maintaining glucose homeostasis,regulating protein and lipid synthesis and catabolism.Dietary isoleucine at optimal level can promote the growth performance,improve the intestinal morphology and structure,promote the intestinal development of pigs by promoting the expression of intestinal nutrient transporters and regulating intestinal flora,improve immunity by promoting the proliferation of immune cells,increasing the expression of immune reactive substances and host defense peptides.It can also improve the carcass traits and pork quality.Under the background of high feed price and active promotion of diversified diets plan with lower protein and lower soybean meal,the application of isoleucine in pig nutrition has attracted much attention,the biosynthesis technology of L-isoleucine and balance of isoleucine and other amino acids especially branched chain amino acid in lower protein and lower soybean meal diets.In addition,the nutritional requirements of pigs for isoleucine in different physiological stages,and the ileal digestibable isoleucine parameters of common feed materials and unconventional feed materials and their dynamic prediction models are worthy of further study in future production and application.Thus,in this paper,the nutritional physiological effects of isoleucine and its nutritional requirements and application in pig production were reviewed,in order to provide reference for precise nutrition supply of pigs and cost reduction and efficiency increase in pig breeding in the future.

关 键 词：异亮氨酸 猪 生长性能 肠道健康 免疫功能 

分 类 号：S815.1[农业科学—畜牧学]