铁路交通噪声对鸟类生态环境的影响预测评价  

Prediction and Evaluation of the Impact of Rail Transit Noise on Bird Ecological Environment

作　　者：曾嘉钟 刘谞承 张音波 曾嘉强 林声宏[1] ZENG Jiazhong;LIU Xucheng;ZHANG Yinbo;ZENG Jiaqiang;LIN Shenghong(School of Electric Power Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China;South China Institute of Environmental Science,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510655,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学电力学院,广东广州510640 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655

出　　处：《环境监控与预警》2023年第6期29-36,共8页Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning

基　　金：教育部产学合作协同育人项目(220503950174547)。

摘　　要：由于鸟类的听觉频率范围与人类不同,以往基于A计权声压级的噪声测量方法,用于鸟类声环境的监测评价并不准确。以广东省江门市新会区“小鸟天堂”风景名胜区为例,开展铁路交通噪声对鸟类生态环境的影响研究。首先,通过实地调查,对鸟类生态区的多个监测点进行声环境线性频谱测量;其次,根据新茂铁路新会段的规划布局,采用模式预测法计算铁路运行期间在监测点产生的交通噪声频谱,并与铁路运行前实地测量的现状频谱叠加;在此基础上,进一步探讨铁路交通噪声对鸟类生态区声环境的影响以及预防措施。研究结果表明,列车运行时在鸟类良好听觉频率范围的噪声增量可达10~30 dB,将严重影响鸟类声环境;当采取全封闭声屏障防护措施之后,可有效降低“小鸟天堂”景区范围的噪声。Due to the difference in the auditory frequency range between birds and humans,previous noise measurement methods based on A-weighted sound pressure levels were not accurate in evaluating the acoustic environment of birds.This paper takes Xinhui“Bird Paradise”scenic spot as an example.First,through field investigation,linear spectrum measurement of acoustic environment is carried out at several test points in the bird ecological area;Then,according to the planning layout of Xinhui Section of Xinmao Railway,the mode prediction method is used to calculate the spectrum of traffic noise generated at the test point during the railway operation and superimpose it with the current spectrum measured on the spot;On this basis,the impact of rail transit noise on the acoustic environment in the bird ecological area and the preventive measures are discussed.The research results show that the noise increment in the good hearing frequency range of birds can reach 10~30 dB when the train is running,which will seriously affect the sound environment of birds;The noise within the management scope of“Bird Paradise”can be effectively reduced when the fully enclosed sound barrier protection measures are taken.

关 键 词：铁路交通噪声 线性频谱 听觉频率范围 鸟类 声环境 

分 类 号：U270.16[机械工程—车辆工程] X827[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]