化学促枝和刻芽对不同定干高度甜樱桃发枝效果研究  

The effect of branch-promoting chemicals and bud-notching on the branching of sweet cherries with different heading height

作　　者：侯森[1] 付全娟 魏国芹[1] 高瑞 郭永军 孙玉刚[1] HOU Sen;FU Quanjuan;WEI Guoqin;GAO Rui;GUO Yongjun;SUN Yugang(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an,Shandong 271000,China;Tai’an Tianping Sub District Office,Tai’an,Shandong 271033,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]泰安市岱岳区天平街道办事处,山东泰安271033

出　　处：《落叶果树》2023年第6期26-31,共6页Deciduous Fruits

基　　金：山东省农科院创新工程项目(CXGC2023G36);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY03-05);泰安市农业良种工程项目(2022NYLZ04)。

摘　　要：以1年生甜樱桃单干苗布鲁克斯/吉塞拉6号为试材,研究定干高度为60 cm、100 cm和不定干情况下,采用化学促枝(即枝条涂抹苹果抽枝一号、抽枝宝,喷施普洛马林),结合刻芽对中心干定位发枝的效果。结果表明,喷涂促发枝药剂结合刻芽可显著提高植株整形带内分枝数量、分枝角度和分枝长度,平均分枝数量分别为7.2条(定干60 cm)、10.5条(定干100 cm)、15.3条(不定干),枝条长度>40 cm,分枝角度>45°,不同促发枝药剂的发枝效果差异不显著。单用刻芽方式仅在不定干情况下可显著提高植株萌芽率,但不能显著提高分枝数量、分枝角度和分枝长度。综合评价认为,对于1年生甜樱桃植株,利用化学促枝结合刻芽可得到较理想的发枝效果,有利于树形培养。To evaluate the effects of various mechanical and chemical treatments on the branching of one-year-old sweet cherry trees(Brooks/Gisela 6),the number of branches,branch length,crotch angle and height were counted and measured in three different heading treatments(i.e.,60 cm above the ground,100 cm above the ground,and unpruned)and eight lateral branching treatments(i.e.,chemical,mechanical,and combined induction),with spraying with distilled water as control.The results showed that spraying chemical agents combined with bud-notching significantly increased the bud burst rate,number of branches,branching angle and branch length.In three different heading treatments,the average numbers of shoots per tree post application of combined chemical agents and bud-notching were 7.2,10.5,and 15.3,respectively;the branch length was more than 40 cm and the branching angle was more than 45°.The differences in the branching effect of different branch-promoting chemicals were not significant.The bud-notching method alone significantly increased bud burst rate in the case of unpruned treatment,but could not significantly raise the number of branches,branching angle and branching length.In conclusion,combined branch-promoting chemicals and bud-notching treatments offer new prospects for the induction of branching efficiency in one-year-old sweet cherry trees.

关 键 词：甜樱桃 促分枝 定干 化学促枝 刻芽 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]