淮河息县流域不同土地利用类型的水沙贡献率研究  

Research on the Runoff and Sediment Contribution Rate of Different Land Use Types in Xixian Watershed of Huaihe River Basin

作　　者：夏志恺 董晓华[1,2] 马耀明 魏冲[1,2] 欧阳习军 喻丹 薄会娟 XIA Zhi-kai;DONG Xiao-hua;MA Yao-ming;WEI Chong;OUYANG Xi-jun;YU Dan;BO Hui-juan(College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei Province,China;Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Minstry Eolucation,Yichang 443000,Hubei Province,China;Land-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group,State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Atmospheric Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu Province,China;National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes,Dingri 858200,Tibet,China;Kathmandu Center of Research and Education,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Islamabad 45320,Pakistan)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002 [3]中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境重点实验室地气作用与气候效应团队,北京100101 [4]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [5]兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [6]西藏珠穆朗玛特殊大气过程与环境变化国家野外科学观测研究站,西藏定日858200 [7]中国科学院加德满都科教中心,北京100101 [8]中国科学院中国-巴基斯坦地球科学研究中心,伊斯兰堡45320

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第12期128-138,共11页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52109058);第二次青藏高原科学考察与研究项目(2019QZKK0103);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(Q20221209)。

摘　　要：深入研究不同土地利用方式对流域水沙过程的影响,对流域水土流失防治和生态环境管理具有重要意义。利用息县站1996-2003年实测月径流与月泥沙资料,建立息县流域SWAT模型,根据SWAT模型模拟结果,统计不同土地利用类型下产流产沙量对全流域的贡献率;然后将SWAT模型的各子流域产流产沙模拟数据作为随机森林回归模型所需的输出变量,使用随机森林回归模型评估不同土地利用类型对径流和泥沙过程的重要度。结果表明:①SWAT模型精度较高,径流和泥沙率定期和验证期的决定性系数R2、纳什系数NSE均大于0.75,偏差百分比PBIAS为-1、-5.6和5.1、9.6,模型适用于息县流域径流与泥沙模拟;②流域内土地利用类型对产流过程与产沙过程的贡献率排序分别为林地>旱田>水田>草地,旱田>水田>草地>林地;③随机森林回归模型的各阶段的决定性系数R2基本大于0.5,拟合效果较好;随机森林回归模型得到的不同土地利用类型对流域水沙过程的重要度排序与SWAT模型模拟计算得到的不同土地利用类型对水沙过程的贡献率排序基本相同,说明了利用SWAT模型计算不同土地利用类型对水沙过程的贡献率的准确性较高。综上,耕地对息县流域的水沙贡献率最大,本研究的方法同样可应用于其他流域,以得到不同流域内不同土地利用类型的水沙贡献率,为流域内的高效水土保持治理提供参考。It is of great significance for soil erosion control and ecological environment management to study the influence of different land use patterns on runoff and sediment processes in the basin.Based on the measured monthly runoff and sediment data from 1996 to 2003,the SWAT model of Xixian watershed is established.According to the simulation results of SWAT model,the contribution rate of runoff and sedi⁃ment yield to the whole watershed under different land use types is calculated.Then,the runoff and sediment yield simulation data of each sub-basin of SWAT model are used as the output variables required by the random forest regression model,and the random forest regression model is used to evaluate the importance of different land use types to runoff and sediment processes.The results show that:①The SWAT model has high accuracy.The decisive coefficient R2 and Nash coefficient NSE of runoff and sediment rate in the regular and verification pe⁃riods are greater than 0.75,and the percentage of deviation PBIAS is-1,-5.6 and 5.1,9.6.The model is suitable for runoff and sediment simulation in Xixian watershed;②The contribution rates of land use types to runoff and sediment processes in the basin are in the order of woodland>dry land>paddy field>grassland and dry land>paddy field>grassland>woodland.③The decisive coefficient R2 of each stage of the random forest regression model is basically greater than 0.5,and the fitting effect is better;the order of the importance of differ⁃ent land use types to the runoff and sediment process obtained by the random forest regression model is basically the same as the order of the contribution rate of different land use types to the runoff and sediment process calculated by the SWAT model,indicating that the SWAT model is used to calculate the contribution rate of different land use types to the runoff and sediment process.The accuracy is high.In summa⁃ry,the contribution rate of cultivated land to runoff and sediment in Xixian watershed is the largest.The method of this

关 键 词：息县流域 SWAT模型 随机森林回归模型 水沙贡献率 重要度 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程]