侧深槽孔-潜孔组合式鱼道障碍物结构对水力特性影响研究  

Research on the Influence of Side Deep Trough Downhole Combined Fishway Obstacle Structure on Hydraulic Characteristics

作　　者：李国岭 陈胜[1,3] 贺蔚 刘卫 杨振冰[2] 张健 LI Guo-ling;CHEN Sheng;HE Wei;LIU Wei;YANG Zhen-bing;ZHANG Jian(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Province,China;China Water Resources Beifang Investigation,Design and Research Co.Ltd.,Tianjin 300222,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Security and Water Science Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098 [2]中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司,天津300222 [3]水安全与水科学协同创新中心,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第12期163-171,共9页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(422003289)。

摘　　要：侧深槽孔-潜孔组合式鱼道是一种基于竖缝式鱼道设计出的新型堰孔组合式鱼道,研究和应用尚处于初期,其水力特性分布规律亟待探明。基于FLOW-3D软件建立了侧深槽孔-潜孔组合式及竖缝式鱼道的数值仿真模型,并依托物理模型试验结果修正了边界条件及输入参数,对比分析了两种类型鱼道的流场结构,探究了布置不同型式障碍物对鱼道水力特性的影响。结果表明:相比一般竖缝式鱼道,侧深槽孔-潜孔组合式鱼道具有明显的三维流场特性,可为鱼类提供更多的洄游路径和休息场所,但“L”型的流态会影响鱼类上溯;在侧深槽孔-潜孔组合式鱼道内布置曲面光滑的圆柱型障碍物,池室流态得到改善,流速梯度减小,湍动能降低幅度约为33.3%,湍流耗散率的最大衰减率达82.78%,工程中导流障碍物应多采用光滑曲面,避免出现棱边或截面形状突变的结构。The side deep groove hole and submersible hole combined fishway studied in this paper is a new type of weir hole combined fish⁃way designed by referring to the vertical slot structure of the vertical slot fishway.The research and application of this type of fishway is still in the initial stage,and the distribution law of hydraulic characteristics in the pool room needs to be explored urgently.In this paper,based on FLOW-3D software,the numerical simulation models of the side deep groove hole and submersible hole combined fishway and vertical slot fishway are established.Based on the results of physical model tests,the boundary conditions and input parameters are modified.The flow field structures of the two types of fishways are compared and analyzed,and the influence of different types of obstacles on the hydraulic characteristics of side deep groove hole and submersible hole combined fishway is explored.The results show that compared with the general vertical slot fishway, the side deep groove hole and submersible hole combined fishway has obvious three-dimensional flow field characteris⁃tics, which can provide more migration paths and resting places for fish, but its“ L ” type mainstream structure will not help fish to sense themainstream direction and thus affect the success rate of fish tracing. Cylindrical obstacles with smooth curved surface are arranged in the com⁃bined fishway of side deep groove hole and submersible hole. The flow pattern in the fishway pool is improved, the mainstream velocity gradi⁃ent is reduced, the turbulent kinetic energy is reduced by about 33.3 %, and the maximum attenuation rate of turbulent dissipation rate is82.78 %. In the construction of fishway engineering, smooth curved surface should be used to avoid the structural type of edge or cross-sec⁃tion shape mutation.

关 键 词：侧深槽孔-潜孔组合式鱼道 竖缝式鱼道 桩柱结构 数值模拟 水力特性 

分 类 号：TV135[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]