深孔预裂爆破技术在顶板卸压中的有效性研究  

Research on effectiveness of deep hole pre-cracking blasting technologyin roof pressure relief

作　　者：杨旭 Yang Xu(Shanxi Tiandi Wangpo Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.,Jincheng 048021,China)

机构地区：[1]山西天地王坡煤业有限公司,山西晋城048021

出　　处：《能源与环保》2023年第11期304-311,共8页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020ME096);爆破工程湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(BL2021-24)。

摘　　要：为了解决顶板悬空区对临近工作面3306运输巷压力过高问题,通过制定有效的深孔预裂爆破技术方案,提出具体爆破施工技术措施,并运用有限元模拟分析及现场监测数据对比结合的方法,论证3308回采工作面深孔预裂爆破顶板卸压的有效性。研究结果表明,通过设置深孔预裂爆破的布孔方式和间距,顶板卸压效果符合预期目标。在悬空区横截面上,3306运输巷侧帮最大压应力从39.6 MPa减小到35.9 MPa,减小了3.7 MPa,减幅为9.3%。顶板垂直拉力最大值从3.55 MPa减小到0.52 MPa,减小了3.03 MPa,减幅为85.4%,煤柱回风巷侧压力从50.48 MPa减小到38.98 MPa,减小了11.50 MPa,减幅为22.8%。现场监测数据对比结果表明,采取预裂爆破措施可明显减小巷道位移及锚杆(索)受力,保证工作面安全高效生产。In order to solve the problem of high pressure in the overhanging area of the roof plate on the adjacent No.3306 transport chute,an effective deep hole pre-splitting blasting technical plan was developed,specific blasting construction technical measures were proposed,and the effectiveness of deep hole pre-splitting blasting roof pressure relief in the No.3308 mining face was demonstrated by combining finite element simulation analysis and on-site monitoring data comparison.The research results indicated that by setting the hole arrangement and spacing for deep hole pre-splitting blasting,the roof pressure relief effect met the expected goal.In the cross section of the overhang area,the maximum compressive stress on the side wall of No.3306 transport chute was reduced from 39.6 MPa to 35.9 MPa,a reduction of 3.7 MPa,and the reduction rate was 9.3%.The maximum vertical tensile force of the roof was reduced from 3.55 MPa to 0.52 MPa,a reduction of 3.03 MPa,and the reduction rate was 85.4%.The lateral pressure of the coal pillar return airway was reduced from 50.48 MPa to 38.98 MPa,a reduction of 11.50 MPa,and the reduction rate was 22.8%.The comparison results of field monitoring data show that taking pre-cracking blasting measures can significantly reduce the displacement of the roadway and the force on the anchors(ropes)to ensure the safety and efficiency of the mining face.

关 键 词：预裂爆破 有限元模拟 顶板悬空 垂直应力 矿压防治 

分 类 号：TD327.2[矿业工程—矿井建设]