美国驻华公使对华修约策略分析(1852—1858年)——基于《中美往来照会集》  

A Study on the Strategy of Treaty Revision with Chinaby the U.S. Minister to China (1852-1858)— Based on Collection of Notes Between China and the United States

作　　者：郭宇 Guo Yu(Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学,泉州362021

出　　处：《西部学刊》2023年第23期51-55,共5页Journal of Western

摘　　要：1844年,中美两国代表耆英与顾圣(Caleb Cushing)签订了《望厦条约》,标志着中美近代外交关系的正式形成。到十九世纪五十年代,美国对在华贸易等方面的发展缓慢感到不满,将原定于1856年修约的时间提前到1852年。在1852—1858年修约期间,美国四位驻华公使对华修约总体上是采取“和平修约”的策略。美国外交官员马沙利(Humphrey Marshall)的“迂回策略”,打破了只有通过两广总督与西方国家交往的惯例;麦莲(Robert Milligan McLane)与伯驾(Peter Parker)的“联合英法”策略是在美国单独修约未果的情况下与英法联手对清政府施压;列卫廉(William Bradford Reed)的“和平使者”策略是在清政府面前扮演调解人的角色,以此为契机与清政府展开条约谈判,并最终抢在英法之前成功修约。In 1844,Representatives of China and the United State,Qi Ying and Caleb Cushing signed the The Treaty of Wanghia,marking the formal formation of modern diplomatic relations between China and the United States.By the 50s of the 19th century,the United States was dissatisfied with the slow development of trade with China and other aspects,and brought forward the original revision date of 1856 to 1852.During the revision of the treaty from 1852 to 1858,the four US ambassadors in China generally adopted the strategy of“peaceful amendment”in the revision of the treaty.The“roundabout strategy”of the U.S.diplomat Humphrey Marshall,breaking the convention of dealing with Western countries only through the governors of the two regions;Robert Milligan McLane and Peter Parker’s“united Britain and France”strategy was to join forces with Britain and France to put pressure on the Qing government when the United States failed to amend the treaty alone;William Bradford Reed’s“messenger of peace”strategy was to act as a mediator before the Qing government,using this as an opportunity to negotiate treaties with the Qing government,and eventually successfully revise the treaty in front of Britain and France.

关 键 词：修约策略 驻华公使 照会 中美关系 

分 类 号：K256.9[历史地理—历史学]