硫酸铜、敌百虫、聚维酮碘对吉富罗非鱼的急性毒性及组织病理学研究  

Study on acute toxicity and histopathology of copper sulfate,trichlorfon and povidone-iodine to GIFT tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)

作　　者：戴瑜来[1] 王宇希[1] 许宝青[1] 戴杨鑫[1] 林启存[1] 蔡丽娟[1] DAI Yulai;WANG Yuxi;XU Baoqing;DAI Yangxin;LIN Qicun;CAI Lijuan(Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市农业科学研究院,浙江杭州310024

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2023年第6期116-126,共11页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：杭州市农业科技协作与创新攻关项目(202209TD16);杭州市科技特派员专项(20221122I35);杭州市农科院科技创新与示范推广基金项目(2022HNCT-01)。

摘　　要：为评估水产养殖中常用药物——硫酸铜、敌百虫、聚维酮碘的合理给药量及其安全性,以及对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的毒害作用,采用静态急性毒性试验法,研究了这3种药物对吉富罗非鱼鱼苗的急性毒性及组织病理影响。结果表明,硫酸铜对吉富罗非鱼24、48和96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为13.715、10.351和5.896 mg∙L^(−1),安全浓度(SC)为1.769 mg∙L^(−1);敌百虫对吉富罗非鱼24、48和96 h的LC50分别为43.036、25.887和16.689 mg∙L^(−1),SC为2.810 mg∙L^(−1);聚维酮碘对吉富罗非鱼24、48和96 h的LC50分别为10.509、9.301和8.674 mg∙L^(−1),SC为2.190 mg∙L^(−1)。组织病理学研究结果显示,硫酸铜暴露可造成鳃丝轮廓模糊不清、鳃组织空泡化,肝组织空隙变大、空泡化、细胞核萎缩,脑组织神经纤维出现破损、细胞凋亡,肾小管结构破坏、核膜破损;敌百虫暴露可造成鳃组织破坏、细胞凋亡,肝组织无核化、线粒体肿胀及空泡化,脑组织神经纤维破损、核固缩,肾间质出血;聚维酮碘暴露可造成鳃丝萎缩、线粒体双层膜结构不完整,肝组织空泡化、细胞出现凋亡,神经纤维轻微破损。研究表明,硫酸铜、敌百虫、聚维酮碘对于该研究规格的吉富罗非鱼是较为安全的药物,但需谨慎控制使用剂量,以免造成不可逆的组织损伤。In order to evaluate the reasonable dosage and safety of copper(II)sulfate,metrifonate and povidone-iodine,which are commonly used in aquaculture,and their toxic effects on GIFT tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus),we tested their acute toxicity and histopathological effects on GIFT tilapia under hydrostatic conditions.The results show that the LC50s(24,48 and 96 h)of copper sulfate were 13.715,10.351 and 5.896 mg∙L^(−1),respectively,and the safety concentration was 1.769 mg∙L^(−1).The LC50s(24,48 and 96 h)of trichlorfon were 43.036,25.887 and 16.689 mg∙L^(−1),respectively,and the safety concentration was 2.810 mg∙L^(−1).The LC50s(24,48 and 96 h)of povidone iodine were 10.509,9.301 and 8.674 mg∙L^(−1),respectively,and the safety concentration was 2.190 mg∙L^(−1).Histopathological observation suggests that copper sulfate exposure can cause blurred gill filament outline,vacuolation of gill tissue,enlargement of liver tissue gap,vacuolation and nuclear atrophy,damage of nerve fibers in brain tissue,cell apoptosis,damage of renal tubular structure and nuclear membrane.Trichlorfon exposure can cause gill tissue damage and cell apoptosis,liver tissue denuclearization,mitochondrial swelling and vacuolation,brain tissue nerve fiber damage,nuclear pyknosis and renal interstitial hemorrhage.Exposure to povidone iodine can cause atrophy of gill filaments,incomplete structure of mitochondrial bilayer membrane,vacuolation of liver tissue,apoptosis of cells,and slight damage of nerve fibers.In conclusion,copper sulfate,trichlorfon and povidone iodine are relatively safe drugs for tilapia,but their dosage should be carefully controlled to avoid irreversible tissue damage.

关 键 词：吉富罗非鱼 硫酸铜 敌百虫 聚维酮碘 急性毒性 组织病理 

分 类 号：S948[农业科学—水产养殖]