香梨化学疏花的研究  

Study on Chemical Flower Thinning of Korla Pear

作　　者：苏艳丽 李配 杨健[1] 王龙[1] 王苏珂 薛华柏 SU Yanli;LI Pei;YANG Jian;WANG Long;WANG Suke;XUE Huabai(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450009)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院、郑州果树研究所,河南郑州450009

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第23期37-44,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团重大科技资助项目(2019AA004);新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关资助项目(2018AB035);河南省重大科技专项资助项目(221100110400);国家梨产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(CARS-29-01A);中国农业科学院科技创新工程资助项目(CAAS-ASTIP)。

摘　　要：以五年生库尔勒香梨为试材,采用在初花期、盛花期、盛花末期喷施不同浓度的硫代硫酸铵(ATS)、石硫合剂、硫脲、智舒优花进行疏花处理的方法,以喷施清水作为对照,研究了不同疏花处理对库尔勒香梨疏花效果及果实品质的影响,以期为香梨生产中科学进行化学疏花提供参考依据。结果表明:ATS不同浓度处理后,空台率与对照相比显著提高,花序坐果率与对照相比显著下降,果实单果质量、果形指数、心果比、可溶性固形物等与对照差异不显著。疏花效果相对较好的是处理T3(ATS1.50%,第一个花瓣脱落时喷第1次,2~4 d后喷第2次),花序坐果率48.66%。石硫合剂不同浓度处理后,疏花效果较好的为T6(100倍液,盛花初期、盛花期各喷1次),空台率与对照相比显著提高,花序坐果率显著低于对照,为36.75%,单果率显著高于对照,为75.71%,比对照提高了37.58%。不同处理使果形更端正,对果实内在品质无不利影响。硫脲不同浓度处理后,对香梨的幼嫩组织有伤害。智舒优花不同浓度处理后,疏花效果较好的是T12,空台率最高,比对照提高了104.65%。花序坐果率为33.61%,与对照相比降低了50.25%。单果率71.09%,与对照相比提高了29.18%。果形指数显著低于对照,使果形更端正,对果实内在品质无不利影响。综上,ATS、石硫合剂、硫脲和智舒优花均能对香梨花朵进行有效疏除,综合单双果率和果实品质,疏花效果依次为T12>T6>T3。The 5-year-old Korla pear tree was used as the experimental material,different concentrations of ammonium thiosulfate(ATS),lime sulfur,thiourea and Zhishuyouhua were sprayed at the early flowering stage,full flowering stage and late flowering stage respectively for flower thinning treatment,and spraying water was used as the control.The effects of different flower thinning treatments on flower thinning effect and fruit quality of Korla pear were studied,in order to provide reference for scientific chemical flower thinning in pear production.The results showed that,after treatment with different concentrations of ATS,the empty bourse rate was significantly increased compared with the control,and the inflorescence fruit setting rate was significantly decreased compared with the control.There was no significant difference in single fruit weight,fruit shape index,heart fruit ratio and soluble solids compared with the control.The best flower thinning effect was T3(ATS1.50%,spraying the first time when the first petal fell off,spraying the second time after 2-4 days),and the fruit setting rate of inflorescence was 48.66%.After treatment with different concentrations of lime sulfur,the best flower thinning effect was T6(100 times liquid,spraying once at the early stage of full bloom and full bloom).The empty bourse rate was significantly higher than that of the control,the fruit setting rate of inflorescence was significantly lower than that of the control,which was 36.75%,and the single fruit rate was significantly higher than that of the control,which was 75.71%,which was 37.58%higher than that of the control.Different treatments made the fruit shape more correct and had no adverse effect on the internal quality of fruit.After treatment with different concentrations of thiourea,the young tissues of pear were damaged.After different concentrations of Zhishuyouhua,the best flower thinning effect was T12,and the empty bourse rate was the highest,which was 104.65%higher than that of the control.The fruit setting rate of i

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 化学疏花剂 坐果率 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]