秸秆还田技术应用是否减少了化肥面源污染?  

Does the application of straw returning to field technology reduce fertilizer non-point source pollution?

作　　者：余志刚[1] 王笑田 崔钊达 孙子烨 YU Zhi-gang;WANG Xiao-tian;CUI Zhao-da;SUN Zi-ye(College of Economics and Management,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China;College of Economics and Management,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学经济管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]山东农业大学经济管理学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2023年第5期834-844,共11页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BJY249);黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目(22JYE458);哈尔滨商业大学教师“创新”项目支持计划项目(XW0139)。

摘　　要：实施保护性耕作是促进农业发展方式转变的有效途径,为我国农业面源污染的治理提供了良好的技术支持,其中秸秆还田技术是保护性耕作技术体系中技术转化率较高的一项技术。因此,本文基于我国2000—2020年省域面板数据,运用双向固定效应模型,考察了秸秆还田技术应用对化肥面源污染排放强度的影响。研究发现:1)秸秆还田技术应用率的提高确实可以显著降低化肥面源污染排放强度,且对化肥面源污染的削减效应存在滞后性。经替换因变量、工具变量法等一系列方法检验后结果依然稳健;2)区域异质性分析表明,秸秆还田技术应用对化肥面源污染的影响在粮食主产区与非粮食主产区之间存在差异,仅在粮食主产区秸秆还田技术的应用具备减污效果;3)从作用机制看,秸秆还田技术应用主要是通过减少含有氮磷元素的化肥施用强度,优化化肥投入结构,从而减少化肥面源污染。据此,建议为秸秆还田技术应用提供有力的政策支持,促进技术落地,更充分地发挥秸秆还田技术应用的环境效益。Implementing conservation tillage is an effective way to promote the transformation of agricultural development mode,which provides a good technical support for the treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution in China.While the straw returning to field technology is one of the higher conversion rate technologies of conservation tillage.Therefore,based on China's provincial panel data from 2000 to 2020,this paper examines the impact of straw returning to field technology on fertilizer pollution emission intensity by the two-way fixed effect model.Results show that:1) The increase of the application rate of the straw returning to field technology can reduce fertilizer pollution emission intensity significantly,and there is a lag in the reduction effect of fertilizer non-point source pollution.The analysis result remains robust through a series of methods,including replacing the dependent variables and using instrumental variable methods;2) The analysis of regional heterogeneity shows that the impacts of the application of the straw returning to field technology on fertilizer non-point source pollution are different between the major grainproducing areas and the non-major grain producing areas,and only the application of the straw returning to field technology in major grain producing areas has positive impacts on reducing fertilizer non-point source pollution;and 3)From the perspective of the influencing mechanism,the application of the straw returning to field technology reduces fertilizer non-point source pollution mainly through reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application intensity and optimizing the input structure of chemical fertilizer.Therefore,this paper suggests providing a strong policy support for the application of the straw returning to field technology,promoting the application rate of technology,and giving a full play to the environmental benefits of the straw returning to field technology.

关 键 词：化肥面源污染 秸秆还田 保护性耕作 化肥投入量 化肥投入结构 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]