罗伯特·戈达德:从非主流到主流的火箭先驱  

From Non-mainstream to Mainstream Rocket Pioneers:Robert Goddard

作　　者：王竞研 WANG Jingyan(Institute of Science and Technology History,Shanxi University,Taiyuan,Shanxi,030006)

机构地区：[1]山西大学科技史研究所,山西太原030006

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2023年第12期114-126,共13页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：罗伯特·戈达德是美国火箭科学技术领域的先驱。少年时代因受科幻作品的影响,幻想制造一种可以登上月亮的飞行器而开始涉足这项创造性事业,大学毕业后正式进入火箭的发明活动。先独立从理论上证明了利用燃烧反冲力的方式飞上天空是可行的,然后进行了长期实验研究,于1926年3月成功发射了第一枚液体火箭。他早年所从事的这项创造活动,不为主流科学界所认可,但在第二次世界大战德国的V-2火箭弹轰炸英国后,才被主流科学界和政府所认可。由此戈达德被公认为美国火箭之父。Robert Goddard is a pioneer of rocket science and technology in the United States.Influenced by science fiction works,he started his creative career when he was a teenager,fantasizing about making an aircraft that could reach the moon.After graduating from university,he began to invent rockets.First,it was theoretically proved that it was possible to fly into the sky by means of combustion recoil.Then,after a long period of experimental research,the first liquid rocket was successfully launched in March 1926.His early creative work was not recognized by mainstream science,but it was recognized by mainstream science and governments only after German V-2 rockets bombed Britain in World War II.Goddard is recognized as the father of American rocketry.

关 键 词：戈达德 液体火箭 齐奥尔科夫斯基 奥伯特 

分 类 号：K811[历史地理—历史学]