增密、少耕与化控耦合对玉米产量及光合特性的影响  

Effect of Coupling Denser,Reduced Tillage and Chemical Regulation on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize

作　　者：兰天娇 张晓龙 贺明 司雨 郑培峰 吕艳杰[1] 王永军[1,2] LAN Tian-jiao;ZHANG Xiao-long;HE Ming;SI Yu;ZHENG Pei-feng;LU Yan-jie;WANG Yong-jun(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033;College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,长春130033 [2]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第5期64-73,共10页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2021ZY001);吉林省创新平台和人才专项(20220508096RC);国家玉米产业技术体系岗位专家(CARS-02-19)。

摘　　要：利用长期定位试验,设置密度(D_(1):60000株/hm^(2),D2:90000株/hm^(2))、耕法(T_(1):少耕,T_(2):常规耕作)与化控(R_(1):喷化控剂,R_(2):喷清水)三因素试验,分析不同处理玉米产量及其形成过程和冠层光合特性。结果表明,D_(1)条件下,T_(1)R_(1)处理子粒产量、穗粒数较T_(2)R_(2)处理显著增加27%~40.5%、19.6%~27.3%;D_(2)条件下,T_(1)R_(1)处理子粒产量、穗粒数较T_(2)R_(2)处理显著增加22.9%~24.9%、14%~21.3%。少耕和化控处理显著影响植株冠层结构,降低了玉米的植株高度、穗位系数、上部叶片的叶面积,提高了植株上层和中层叶向值及上部冠层的透光率;少耕和化控处理提高了叶片单位面积光能的吸收(ABS/CS0)、捕获(TR0/CS0),在高密度条件下表现明显差异。综上,在密植条件下,少耕和化控耦合优化了玉米密植群体冠层结构,增强了对光能的截获、吸收与传递能力,最终显著增加子粒产量。In this study,a long-term positioning experiment was conducted to analyze the yield,formation process,and canopy photosynthetic characteristics of maize under different treatments.The experiment included three factors:density(D_(1):60000 plants/ha,D_(2):90000 plants/ha),tillage(T_(1):reduced tillage,T_(2):conventional tillage),and chemical control(R_(1):chemical regulator,R_(2):fresh water).The results showed that under D_(1) condition,the grain yield and number of kernels per ear of T_(1)R_(1) increased significantly by 27%to 40.5%and 19.6%to 27.3%,respectively,compared to the T_(2)R_(2).Under D_(2) condition,the grain yield and number of kernels per ear of T_(1)R_(1) increased significantly by 22.9%to 24.9%and 14%to 21.3%,respectively,compared to the T_(2)R_(2).The reduced tillage and chemical regulator significantly effected plant canopy structure by reducing plant height,coefficient of ear position,and leaf area of top leaves,and increasing leaf orientation values in the top and middle layers,and the top canopy transmittance rate.In addition,reduced tillage and chemical regulator improved the absorption(ABS/CSO),capture(TRO/CSO)of light energy per unit area of leaves and showed more pronounced differences under high density conditions.In conclusion,under high planting density conditions,the coupling of reduced tilage and chemical regulation has optimized the canopy structure of dense maize populations,enhanced the ability of interception,absorption and transmission of light energy,and ultimately achieved a significant increase in grain yield.

关 键 词：玉米 增密 少耕 化控 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]