条耕作业时间对吉林省中部半湿润区玉米出苗质量与产量的影响  

Effect of Strip Tillage Time on Maize Seedling Quality and Grain Yield of Spring Maize in Semi-humid Area of Central Jilin Province

作　　者：曹庆军[1] 李刚[1] 孔凡丽 杨粉团[1] 杨浩 于洪浩 王影 宋健 王贵满 CAO Qing-jun;LI Gang;KONG Fan-li;YANG Fen-tuan;YANG Hao;YU Hong-hao;WANG Ying;SONG Jian;WANG Gui-man(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science,Changchun 130033;Lishu Agricultural Technical Extension Station,Lishu 136500;Caijia Agricultural Technology Service Center,Lishu 136503;Linhai Agricultural Technology Service Center,Lishu 136508,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,长春130033 [2]吉林省梨树县农业技术推广总站,吉林梨树136500 [3]吉林省梨树县蔡家镇农业技术服务中心中心,吉林梨树136503 [4]吉林省梨树县林海农业技术服务中心,吉林梨树136508

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第5期106-112,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科技发展重点项目(20210202125NC);吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2021ZY027)。

摘　　要：为探究不同条耕作业时间对玉米保苗及产量的影响,采用田间试验的方法,在风沙土与黑土上分析春季解冻时条耕(Sp1)、播前条耕(Sp2)与秋季条耕(Au)3种处理下玉米群体保苗质量、播种期土壤温度与水分变化与玉米产量影响。结果表明,条耕作业时间、土壤类型以及两者交互作用均对玉米保苗密度、幼苗株高整齐度有显著影响,Au处理优于其他处理,风沙土优于黑土。Au与Sp1处理不同程度地提高黑土播种期土壤温度,5cm深度土壤两者较Sp2处理分别提高3.9℃~8℃与0.5℃~4.9℃。Sp1处理较Au处理显著降低风沙土10、30、40cm深度以及黑土20cm土壤水分。两种土壤类型上,玉米产量结果均以Au处理最高,这主要得益于群体保苗密度与穗粒数提高。综上,吉林省中部半湿润区条耕作业推荐在秋季作业。To investigate the effect of varied strip tillage(ST)time on maize seedling emergence rate and maize yield,a field experiment was conducted with three tillage times as spring soil unfeezing time(Spl),pre-sowing time(Sp2)and autumn of last year(Au)in aeolian sand and black soil,respectively.The results showed that the effective seedlings densities and plant height uniformity(PHU)were significantly affected by tillage time,soil type and their interaction,Au showed a better PHU than other treatments,the PHU in aeolian soil has optimum value than in black soil.Soil temperature was significantly increased under Spl and Au during the sowing stage,whereas the two treatments had greater influence on black soil than sand soil at the 5 cm depth,and which as enhaced by 3.9℃-8℃in Au and 0.5℃-4.9℃in Spl as compared to Sp2.However,the soil water content at 10,30,40 cm soil depth in sand soil and 20 cm soil layer in black soil under Spl treatment were significant lower than Au.Two-year results showed maize yield under Au treatment were higher than that of Spl and Sp2 in both soil types,the increase in grain yield were mainly related to the increase of effective seedling density and kernel number per ear.In summary,autumn is the optimum time to perform ST in the semi humid area of Jilin Province.

关 键 词：玉米 保护性耕作 条耕种植 黑土 风沙土 株高整齐度 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]