陇中旱农区有机肥替代化肥对玉米氮代谢酶活性的影响  

Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer Nitrogen on Nitrogen Metabolism Enzyme Activity of Maize in Arid Region of Central Gansu

作　　者：赵潇潇 李玲玲 谢军红 谢丽华 王进斌 惠领领 Setor kwami FUDJOE ZHAO Xiao-xiao;LI Ling-ling;XIE Jun-hong;XIE Li-hua;WANG Jin-bin;HUI Ling-ling;Setor kwami FUDJOE(Gansu Provincial Key Lab.of Arid Land Crop Sciences/Agronomy College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院/甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第5期143-150,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家自然基金(31761143004);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD190070403);甘肃省教育厅双一流重大科研项目(GSSYLXM-02)

摘　　要：为了探究陇中旱农区有机肥替代化肥的适宜比例,减少玉米生产中化肥的投入,在甘肃定西设等氮量(200 kg/hm^(2))的5个商品有机肥替代化肥的比例(0、50.0%、37.5%、25.0%、12.5%)和不施氮处理,研究不同替代比例对玉米叶片叶绿素含量、氮代谢相关酶活性、玉米产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,施氮处理显著提高硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性。与单施化肥相比,有机肥替代化肥12.5%和37.5%处理显著提高GOGAT和GS活性,分别较单施化肥增加35.6%和52.5%、20.7%和39.5%。与不施氮相比,有机肥替代化肥12.5%和37.5%显著提高叶绿素含量、叶面积指数,分别提高97.5%和109.8%、102.8%和125.6%,与单施化肥无显著差异。氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥偏生产力,有机肥替代化肥12.5%和37.5%显著低于单施化肥,玉米产量无显著差异。To determine the optimal amount of organic fertilizer to be used instead of chemical fertilizer in the arid agricultural areas of central Gansu,and to reduce nitrogen use of chemical fertilizer in maize cultivation.Five commercial organic fertilizers with an equivalent nitrogen content of 200 kg/ha(0,50.0%,37.5%,25.0%,12.5%)and one treatment without nitrogen application were studied in Dingxi,Gansu province.The effects of different substitution ratios on chlorophyll,enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism,maize yield,and nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize leaves were studied.The results showed that nitrogen treatment significantly increased the activities of NR,GOGAT,GS,and GPT.The activities of GOGAT and GS increased by 35.6%and 52.5%,20.7%and 39.5%,respectively,compared to a single application of chemical fertilizer.There was no significant dfference in chlorophyll content and leaf area index between 12.5%and 37.5%organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer-nitrogen and single chemical fertilizer which were 97.5%and 109.8%,102.8%and 125.6%higher than those without nitrogen application respectively.Compared with no nitrogen application.The significant factor for agronomic fficiency of nitrogen and nitrogen partial productivity of organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen of chemical fertilizer by 12.5%and 37.5%,respectively,lower than that of a single chemical fertilizer,respectively,but maize yield was not significantly different.

关 键 词：玉米 有机肥 氮代谢酶 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]