领空关闭的国际实践与中国因应  

International Practices of Airspace Closure and China’s Responses

作　　者：董念清 DONG Nianqing(Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学,北京100089

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2023年第11期71-84,共14页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“国际航空争端解决机制创新与实现路径研究”(23BFX160);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2022JJ004)。

摘　　要：领空关闭是国际关系中一个突出的事件,尤其是在俄乌冲突后更加引人注目。领空关闭不仅破坏了国际航空秩序,而且对国际关系产生了重大影响。领空关闭也是国际关系的晴雨表之一,它与国际关系的恶化互为因果,反映着国际关系的走向与发展。领空主权是地缘政治在天空的延伸。领空主权确立于欧洲各国的国内法,后被国际条约所确认,成为国际法或国际习惯法的一项基本原则。基于领空主权原则,国家有权管理其领空。领空关闭从维护国家安全逐渐成为一个具有威慑力的制裁武器,有被滥用的可能。《国际民用航空公约》为领空关闭所引起的争议提供了司法解决渠道,即“国际民航组织理事会———国际法院”的“两审终身制”,但外交谈判是争议解决的前置程序。领空主权是国家主权的应有之义,维护领空主权原则,反对滥用领空主权,重视国际民航组织的争议解决机制,强化争议的政治解决,是我们应对航空争议的基本原则和策略。The closure of airspace has been a prominent event in international relations,especially since the conflict between Russia and Ukraine.It has not only undermined the international aviation order,but al-so has a significant impact on international relations.It is the cause and effect of the deterioration of interna-tional relations,reflecting the trend and development of international relations.Airspace sovereignty is the extension of geopolitics in the sky.Sovereignty over airspace has been established in the domestic laws across European countries,and later recognized by international treaties as a basic principle of international law or customary international law.Based on the principle of sovereignty over airspace,a state has the right to manage its airspace.The closure of airspace has gradually become a deterrent sanction weapon from safe-guarding national security,and this can potentially be abused.The Convention on International Civil Avia-tion provides a judicial settlement channel for the disputes caused by the airspace closure,being defined as the two-instance lifelong system of the ICAO Council and International Court of Justice,but diplomatic ne-gotiation is the pre-procedure for the dispute settlement.Maintaining the principle of sovereignty over air-space,opposing the abuse of sovereignty over airspace,paying attention to the dispute settlement mecha-nism of the International Civil Aviation Organization,and strengthening the political settlement of disputes are the basic principles and strategies for solving the aviation disputes.

关 键 词：领空关闭 领空主权 航空争议 强制管辖 解决机制 

分 类 号：D801[政治法律—政治学]