俄罗斯新海洋学说:内涵与挑战  

Russia’s New Maritime Doctrine:Connotations and Challenges

作　　者：王玉静 房乐宪[1] WANG Yujing;FANG Lexian(Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学,北京100872

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2023年第11期85-96,共12页Pacific Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“多重危机背景下欧盟的全球战略及其对大国外交的含义研究”(项目编号20JJDGJW001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：作为海洋大国,俄罗斯在俄乌冲突的背景下更新了其海洋学说,反映了俄罗斯官方对海洋政策和海洋活动的总体构想。基于战略目标和原则、国家利益与主要挑战,新版《海洋学说》阐释了俄罗斯海洋活动的关键功能领域、重点区域以及海上活动支援细则,并规划了其管理与执行任务。新版《海洋学说》进一步扩展了俄罗斯海洋活动的功能领域,重新调整了海洋政策主要区域的优先次序,更明确展现了经济和社会取向,其潜在意义涵盖安全、经济、科研等多个维度。然而,就实践而言,海洋活动能力的弱点和现实困局可能使俄罗斯面临更多不确定性和挑战,特别是俄罗斯与西方的海洋战略竞争、对老式设施和进口技术的依赖、俄乌冲突及西方制裁的负面冲击。在中国推动海洋强国建设的过程中,俄罗斯海洋战略追求中的制约因素值得警醒,海洋战略的中长期规划和前瞻性思考值得重视。As a maritime power,Russia has updated its Maritime Doctrine in the context of the Russia-U-kraine conflict,which reflects Russia’s official overall vision of maritime policy and activities.Based on the strategic objectives and principles,national interests and major challenges,the new version of Maritime Doctrine explains the key functional areas,crucial regional directions and detailed rules of support for Rus-sia’s maritime activities,and plans its management and implementation tasks.The new version of Maritime Doctrine further expands the functional fields of Russian maritime activities,readjusts the priorities of the main regional directions of maritime policy,and more clearly shows the economic and social orientation,with its potential significance of multiple dimensions such as security,economy,and scientific research.However,in practice,Russia may face more uncertainties and challenges including its weakness of maritime activities and practical dilemma,the strategic competition between Russia and the West,depend-ence on old facilities and imported technologies and the negative impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and Western sanctions.In terms of the process of promoting the construction of a maritime power in China,it is very important to observe the constraints in Russia’s pursuit of maritime strategy and assess china’s medi-um-and long-term planning and maritime strategy.

关 键 词：俄罗斯海洋学说 海洋政策 海洋战略 俄乌冲突 地缘政治 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]