论道德话语的自然主义诠释  

The Naturalistic Interpretation of Moral Utterances

作　　者：梅轩 MEI Xuan(School of Foreign Languages,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学外国语学院,广东广州510641

出　　处：《东莞理工学院学报》2023年第6期7-13,共7页Journal of Dongguan University of Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中西道德话语语义建构对比研究”(21CZX055);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“道德话语的自然主义诠释研究”(20YJC720014);广州市哲学社会科学发展“十四五”规划共建课题“道德话语诠释与弘扬中华传统道德文化研究”(2023GZGJ116)。

摘　　要：道德话语是指包含道德术语、道德概念,表达道德思想或观点的语句。如何诠释道德话语的语义乃一大哲学难题,主要原因在于道德具有高度的形而上意义。经典“开放问题论证”表明,道德谓词不可定义,道德特性也不等同于自然特性;传统道德非认知论也指出,道德话语仅表达言者态度,再无其他。然而,从道德自然主义视角看,道德概念实则可用自然概念来阐释,道德特性也可还原为自然特性,道德话语不仅表达言者态度还表达言者信念。如此,“开放问题论证”难题便得以消解,道德非认知论也得到驳斥。借助道德自然主义,形而上的道德意义可以转换为更加具象简化的自然意义,道德也因此不再高高在上、令人难以触摸。Moral utterances are sentences which contain moral terms or moral concepts,and they often express moral ideas.How to interpret moral utterances is a philosophical challenge standing for a long time,one reason is that the meaning of morality is highly metaphysical.Classical Open Question Argument(OQA)shows that moral terms are indefinable,and moral properties aren’t identical with natural properties.Traditional non-cognitivists claim that moral utterances only express speakers’attitudes,and nothing else.However,from the perspective of ethical naturalism,moral concepts is explained by nature concepts,moral properties can reduce to natural properties,and thus moral utterances can express speakers’attitudes as well as cognitive beliefs.In this way,both the OQA and noncognitivism are resolved or rejected.By ethical naturalism,metaphysical moral meaning can be converted into concretized natural meaning,and then morality will not be high up above anymore.

关 键 词：道德话语 自然主义 开放问题论证 非认知论 

分 类 号：N030[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]