以赛促治:“达标锦标赛”如何驱动治理有效  

Tournament for Governance:How the “Tournament of Attainment” Drive Effective Governance

作　　者：袁方成 王悦 Fangcheng Yuan;Yue Wang

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学政治与国际关系学院 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院附属梨园医院

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2023年第6期46-67,197,共23页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：2022国家社科基金一般项目“新时代党建引领社区治理机制创新研究”(22BDJ114);2023年度国家社科基金一般项目“党建引领基层全周期治理机制创新研究”(23BDJ009)。

摘　　要：“晋升锦标赛”作为重要的激励工具,在促进地方经济快速增长的同时,也因其对单一经济增长指标的过度重视,造成目标设置的激励结构扭曲,从而导致社会治理效能不彰,难以满足社会治理多领域统筹发展的需要。论文以“达标锦标赛”机制如何提升非经济领域的治理效能为核心议题,就“全国文明城市创建”的政策文本和实践经验展开分析,发现“创城”以综合治理指标达标作为地方政绩评价的约束性条件,促使地方开展非经济领域治理的“达标锦标赛”。不同于竞逐单一经济增长指标的“晋升锦标赛”,“达标锦标赛”以设置清晰目标和多目标达标激励为手段,引导地方在追求经济政绩的同时,兼顾各领域发展的“底线”达标要求;通过基准达标规则和达标底线监督,完善地方多元政绩考核体系,并有效约束政府治理行为,减少锦标赛可能产生的激励扭曲、动力衰竭和行动偏差等负面效应,进而促进实现有效治理。论文尝试在国家治理现代化战略导向下,回应“中国之治”的时代命题,就中央如何驱动地方实现非经济领域的治理目标,从而实现社会治理多领域的相对均衡发展,提供新的分析概念、思路和经验。The“Promotion Tournament”serves as an important incentive tool for promoting rapid local economic growth.However,excessive emphasis on this indicator has led to incentive distortions in goal setting,resulting in ineffective social governance and an inability to meet the needs of comprehensive development in various areas.This paper focuses on how the“Tournament of Attainment”mechanism can enhance the governance effectiveness in non-economic domains.By analyzing the policy text and practical experience of the“Creation of National Civilized Cities”initiative,we found that the“Creation of Cities”takes the“Attainment”of comprehensive governance indicators as a constraint for local performance appraisal,prompting localities to carry out the“Tournament of Attainment”in the governance of non-economic areas.Different from the“Promotion Tournament”,which incentivizes competition for a single economic growth target,the“Tournament of Attainment”takes setting clear targets and multi-target incentive mechanisms as a guide to consider the“bottom-line”standardization requirements of various fields of development while also pursuing economic performance.Through the benchmarking of rules and the monitoring of the bottom line,the local multi-dimensional performance appraisal system will be improved and the governance behavior will be effectively restrained.This will reduce the negative effects of incentive distortion,motivation exhaustion and action bias,that may arise from the“Promotion Tournament”,and thereby lead to more effective governance.This paper responds to contemporary perspectives on“The Governance of China”under the strategic orientation of national governance modernization.It also provides new analytical concepts,ideas,and experiences that can contribute to the central government's drive for local governments to achieve governance objectives in non-economic areas and thereby achieve balanced development in multiple areas of social governance.

关 键 词：晋升锦标赛 达标锦标赛 社会治理 文明城市创建 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]