俄罗斯私营军事安保公司及其在对外事务中的角色  

Russian Private Military Security Companies and Their Role in Foreign Affairs

作　　者：张悦 Zhang Yue

机构地区：[1]四川大学国际关系学院 [2]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《现代国际关系》2023年第11期84-103,155,共21页

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“国际法视角下西方与俄罗斯间制裁和反制裁实践及启示研究”(22YJCZH249);四川大学专职博士后研发基金(SKBSH2023-42);四川大学国际关系学院青年创新团队项目(2023ZZLX-03)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来,俄罗斯私营军事安保服务行业不断发展,以满足企业客户和政府需求。虽然对西方同类公司进行了效仿,但俄罗斯私营军事安保公司又独具特色,既不受关于雇佣军的国际法限制,又很少受国内法律的追究。因此,它具有传统外交工具所不具有的灵活性和隐秘性,可作为俄罗斯政府的准代理人在境外“灰色地带”参与作战行动,而避免产生国家责任。在对外事务中,俄罗斯政府可以利用私营军事安保公司在与西方国家不发生直接军事冲突的情况下实现有限目标,也可利用其在部分发展中国家冲突中扩大地缘影响力。尽管如此,由于国内立法缺失、监管薄弱等原因,俄罗斯政府在对外军事行动中利用私营军事安保公司时面临一系列问题。In recent years,the Russian private military security services industry has grown to meet the needs of corporate clients and the government.Although modeled on their Western counterparts,the private military security companies in Russia are unique,not limited by international law on mercenaries,and are rarely prosecuted under domestic law.As a result,it has the flexibility and secrecy that traditional diplomatic tools do not possess,and can serve as a quasi agent of the Russian government to participate in combat operations outside its borders in the"gray zone,"without incurring a country's responsibility.In foreign affairs,the Russian government can use private military security companies to achieve limited goals without direct military conflicts with Western countries,and can also use them to expand geopolitical influence in the conflicts in some developing countries.However,due to the lack of domestic legislation and weak regulation,the Russian government faces a series of problems when using private military security companies in foreign military operations.

关 键 词：私营军事安保公司 瓦格纳 俄罗斯 乌克兰危机 

分 类 号：E512[军事—军事理论] D851.2[政治法律—政治学]