生物炭配施硝化抑制剂降低稻田土壤NH_(3)和N_(2)O排放的微生物机制  

Effects of biochar combined with nitrification inhibitor(DMPP)on reducing NH_(3)and N_(2)O emission in paddy soil and its microbial mechanism

作　　者：何莉莉 黄佳佳 王梦洁 刘玉学[1,2] 吕豪豪 汪玉瑛[1,2] 杨生茂 HE Li-li;HUANG Jia-jia;WANG Meng-jie;LIU Yu-xue;LÜHao-hao;WANG Yu-ying;YANG Sheng-mao(State Key Laboratory of Hazard Factors and Risk Prevention and Control of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety/Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310021,China;Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Biochar,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310021,China;College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所/省部共建农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310021 [2]浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心,浙江杭州310021 [3]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第11期2030-2041,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY21D010003,LY21D030002);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42077090);杭州市重点科技研发计划项目(202204T05)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究生物炭和硝化抑制剂对稻田土壤主要活性氮气体(NH_(3)和N_(2)O)排放的影响及机制,以提升施用生物炭与硝化抑制剂的减排效果。【方法】采集浙江典型水稻土进行盆栽试验。试验设置5个处理:不施氮肥(N0)、仅施尿素(Urea)、尿素配施硝化抑制剂(DMPP)、尿素配施生物炭(BC)、尿素配施硝化抑制剂和生物炭(BCDM)。从水稻插秧后开始,利用密闭箱−气相色谱法和Drage-Tube法分别监测土壤N_(2)O及NH_(3)排放,在基肥、分蘖肥和穗肥后,取田面水和渗漏水样,测定无机氮浓度。在水稻收获后,采集鲜土提取土壤微生物DNA,利用qPCR技术分析测定氨氧化细菌(AOB)、氨氧化古菌(AOA)的amoA以及氧化亚氮还原酶nosZ的基因拷贝数。【结果】施基肥后,各处理没有显著提升田面水中的NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度;追施分蘖肥和穗肥后,BC和DMPP处理显著提升田面水NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度,最高达35.4 mg/L;BCDM及DMPP处理分别降低田面水NO_(3)^(−)-N浓度达80.0%及56.9%。与Urea处理相比,BC和DMPP单施或配施均显著降低田面水累计氮损失量,降幅最大为95.6%(BCDM)。Urea处理20和40 cm深度土层的累积渗漏氮损失量为N 3.67 kg/hm^(2),BC、BCDM及DMPP处理分别降低了累积渗漏氮损失量16.5%、27.9%及37.4%。与Urea处理相比,BC、DMPP和BCDM处理分别显著降低N_(2)O累积排放量约31.5%、64.0%和57.6%;施加DMPP使氨累积排放量显著增加了10.5%,而BC与DMPP配施或BC单独施用降低了氨累积排放,降幅分别为25.2%和21.6%。水稻生育期内,BC、BCDM、DMPP、N0和Urea处理由氨排放带来的N_(2)O间接排放对N_(2)O总排放的贡献率分别为83.9%、90.2%、90.5%、52.9%和82.0%。qPCR结果显示,与Urea处理相比,BC、DMPP和BCDM处理土壤AOA的amoA基因拷贝数较Urea处理增加48.0%~73.4%,AOB的基因拷贝数降低了62.7%~195.6%(P<0.05)。DMPP和BCDM处理nosZ基因拷贝数较Urea处理分别增加了3.7%和14.8%。【结论】生物炭和DM【Objectives】The effect and mechanism of biochar and nitrification inhibitor on reducing the emission of main active nitrogen gas in paddy was studied to evaluate the mitigation effects of single or combined application of biochar and nitrification inhibitor.【Methods】A typical paddy soil was collected in Zhejiang Province for a potted experiment inside the airtight boxes.Five treatments were set up:no nitrogen fertilizer(N0),urea(Urea),urea+nitrification inhibitor(DMPP),urea+biochar(BC),urea+nitrification inhibitor+biochar(BCDM).Gas chromatography and Drage-Tube method were used to monitor soil N_(2)O and NH_(3) emissions during crop growth.After basal,tillering and panicle fertilization,the surface and leakage water were sampled for measuring inorganic N concentrations.After rice harvest,fresh soil samples were collected to extract soil microbial DNA for determing the number of key functional microorganisms(AOB,AOA and nosZ),using qPCR technology.【Results】After base fertilization,all the treatments did not increase NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration in surface water significantly.After tillering and panicle fertilization,BC and DMPP treatments significantly increased NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration in surface water up to 35.4 mg/L,while BCDM and DMPP treatments reduced NO_(3)^(−)-N concentration in surface water by 80.0%and 56.9%.Compared with Urea treatment,BC and DMPP alone or combined application significantly reduced the cumulative N loss in surface water,with the highest reduction 95.6%in BCDM.The cumulative N leakage loss at 20 cm and 40 cm soil depth was 3.67 kg/hm2 in Urea,which were reduced by 16.5%,27.9%and 37.4%in BC,BCDM and DMPP treatments,respectively.BC,DMPP and BCDM treatment also significantly reduced the cumulative N_(2)O emission by 31.5%,64.0%and 57.6%,respectively.DMPP significantly increased ammonia cumulative emission by 10.5%,while BC combined with DMPP or BC alone decreased ammonia cumulative emission by 25.2%and 21.6%.During the growth period of rice,the indirect N_(2)O emission caused

关 键 词：稻田 生物炭 硝化抑制剂 NH_(3)排放 N_(2)O排放 amoA基因拷贝数 nosZ基因拷贝数 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]