控释尿素和普通尿素混合基施对冬小麦氮素吸收利用和产量的影响  

Effect of mixed basal application of controlled release urea and common urea on the nitrogen uptake,utilization and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：韩锐锋 牛堉锡 王鑫悦 李国明 林祥 王瑞[1] 王东 HAN Rui-feng;NIU Yu-xi;WANG Xin-yue;LI Guo-ming;LIN Xiang;WANG Rui;WANG Dong(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第11期2042-2058,共17页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-ZDLNY-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施氮量下控释尿素掺混普通尿素对土壤硝态氮含量、冬小麦氮素吸收利用和产量的影响,为陕西关中平原地区冬小麦的高效生产提供依据。【方法】冬小麦田间试验于2020—2022年在陕西省咸阳市进行,供试控释肥(CRU)氮素释放期为90天。试验设置N 192和240 kg/hm^(2)两个施氮水平(N1、N2),在两个施氮水平下设5个肥料处理,即100%普通尿素分两次施用(F1)为对照;控释尿素和普通尿素混合一次性基施,混合比例分别为30%+70%(F2)、50%+50%(F3)、70%+30%(F4)、100%控释尿素(F5)。在冬小麦越冬、返青、拔节和开花期采集0—40 cm土层土壤样品,每10 cm为1个样品;成熟期采集0—200 cm土层土壤样品,40—200 cm土层每20 cm采集1个样品,测定土壤硝态氮含量。在冬小麦越冬、返青、拔节、开花以及成熟期取植株地上部样品,开花期分为穗、茎秆+叶鞘、叶片3个部分,成熟期分为籽粒、颖壳+穗轴、茎秆+叶鞘、叶片4个部分,称取干物质质量,测定氮素含量。于小麦成熟期测定产量。【结果】越冬期0—20 cm土层硝态氮含量F2处理较高,返青期后则以F4和F5处理较高,且F4和F5处理成熟期80—200 cm土层的硝态氮含量显著低于其他掺混肥处理。相比其他处理,F4和F5处理显著增加穗数,进而显著提高产量。在F2和F3处理下,N2与N1水平小麦平均产量无显著差异;在F4和F5处理N2水平的小麦平均产量高于N1水平,净效益平均分别提高10.08%和6.41%,氮素利用效率无显著差异。相比F1处理,F4处理花前氮素向籽粒的转运量平均提高18.63%,籽粒氮素积累量平均提高16.96%。相关性分析表明,拔节期0—20 cm土层硝态氮含量与花前氮素向籽粒转运量呈显著正相关,开花期0—20 cm土层硝态氮含量与花前氮素转运量和花后氮素积累量呈显著正相关。【结论】较高的开花期氮素积累量可增加营养器官氮素向籽粒的再分配量,实�【Objectives】We investigated the effect of the mixed application of controlled release urea(CRU)with common urea(CU)on the yield,relocation of accumulated N to grains,and soil nitrate contents at different stage of winter wheat,to serve the efficient production of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain,Shaanxi Province.【Methods】A winter wheat field experiment was conducted in Xianyang,Shanxi Province from 2020 to 2022,the tested CRU is resin coated urea with N release period of 90 days.Two N application amounts 192 and 240 kg/hm^(2)were set up,and five mix ratio treatments were included under each N rate,as:CU control(as basal and topdressing fertilizer,F1),and basal application of CRU and CU in mix ratio of 30%+70%(F2),50%+50%(F3),70%+30%(F4),and 100%CRU(F5).At the main growth stages of winter wheat,0−40 cm deep soil samples were collected with one sample every 10 cm,and at maturity stage,0−200 cm soil samples were collected with one sample every 20 cm for the determination of nitrate concentration.At the overwintering,regreening,jointing,flowering,and maturing stages of wheat,wheat plants were sampled for the above ground biomass and N content analysis.The plant samples at flowering stage were divided into three parts(ear,stem and sheath,and leaves),and at maturing stage were divided into four parts(grains,glume+rachis,stem+sheath,leaves)for the measurement of N content.And the yield and yield components were investigated at maturing stage.【Results】F2 treatment was recorded the highest NO_(3)^(−)-N in 0−20 cm soil layer before regreening stage;F4 and F5 treatment were recorded the lowest NO_(3)^(−)-N at regreening stage,and that in the 80−200 cm soil layer at maturing stage,while achieved significantly higher yield than the other treatments due to the higher number of spikes.F2 and F3 treatments achieved similar yields on average under both N2 and N1 rate.F4 and F5 treatments had higher yields under N2 rate than under N1 rate,thereby their net benefits under N2 increased by 10.08%and 6.41%than u

关 键 词：冬小麦 控释尿素 籽粒产量 氮积累 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]